1. 制(zhi)定(ding)標準的意義

   GB/T 34107-2017為首次制定(ding)，主編(bian)單(dan)位(wei)為江蘇(su)銀環精密鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公司，參加(jia)起草單(dan)位(wei)有(you)(you)(you)江蘇(su)武進不(bu)銹股份有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公司、中(zhong)國鐵道科(ke)學研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)院標準計量研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)所、上海奉賢鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)廠(chang)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公司、山西太鋼(gang)(gang)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公司、中(zhong)車株洲電力機(ji)車有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公司、中(zhong)車大連機(ji)車車輛有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公司、中(zhong)車青島四方機(ji)車車輛股份有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)公司、冶金工業信息標準研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)院。

   制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)是保障軌(gui)道(dao)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)營運的(de)(de)(de)關鍵設備(bei)。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)源為壓縮空(kong)氣(qi)或(huo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)液(ye)，精密不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)是用(yong)(yong)來輸送(song)壓縮空(kong)氣(qi)或(huo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)液(ye)，實現制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)載體。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)對(dui)精密不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)非常嚴(yan)格(ge)，其(qi)質量直(zhi)接影響車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)各種閥類零件對(dui)精密不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)內表面的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)潔度要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)非常高(gao)，不允許內表面存在(zai)(zai)異物、氧(yang)化皮(pi)脫落(luo)、銹(xiu)蝕等缺陷存在(zai)(zai)。否則會造成閥部件堵(du)塞(sai)，動(dong)(dong)(dong)作失靈，造成制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)故障，從而(er)危及行(xing)(xing)車(che)(che)安全(quan)。軌(gui)道(dao)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)無(wu)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)每(mei)臺／節機車(che)(che)車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)大致使用(yong)(yong)300公斤左右。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)在(zai)(zai)軌(gui)道(dao)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)組(zu)裝過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)常會進行(xing)(xing)彎制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)、預裝卡套、加(jia)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)螺紋、焊(han)接、機加(jia)工(gong)(gong)等工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)經(jing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)這(zhe)些工(gong)(gong)業過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)之后，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)不應開裂、起(qi)皺，或(huo)有超過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)工(gong)(gong)藝規定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)缺陷存在(zai)(zai)。軌(gui)道(dao)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)運行(xing)(xing)環境復(fu)雜(za)，接觸風(feng)、霜、雨、雪、粉塵(chen)、煤塵(chen)、紫外線(xian)等；還能(neng)夠遇到弱酸、弱堿等工(gong)(gong)況。目前，鐵路(lu)(lu)機車(che)(che)車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)運行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)越(yue)來越(yue)長（例如從哈爾濱到廣州），氣(qi)候(hou)變化劇烈，對(dui)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)候(hou)性能(neng)提出(chu)了更高(gao)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。軌(gui)道(dao)交通(tong)(tong)(tong)車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)在(zai)(zai)日常的(de)(de)(de)保養過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)部分(fen)管(guan)路(lu)(lu)可能(neng)會直(zhi)接接觸工(gong)(gong)業清(qing)洗劑(ji)。這(zhe)些都對(dui)機車(che)(che)車(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)抗腐蝕、強(qiang)度等性能(neng)提出(chu)了很(hen)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。

   本標準制定前，軌道交通車輛制動系統用精密不銹(xiu)鋼(gang)無縫鋼(gang)管沒有統一的國家標準，用戶訂貨基本上都引用了歐盟或德國的標準。本標準的制定，有利于高端裝備制造用原材料的國產化。該標準適用于軌道交通車輛（機車、動車組、城軌車輛、客貨運車輛等）空氣或液壓制動系統用精密奧氏體不銹鋼無縫鋼管。

2.  主要技(ji)術(shu)內容

   鋼管外徑尺寸范圍為6～48.3mm，壁厚為1.0～4.0mm。外徑范圍6～30mm的允許偏差為±0.08mm；壁厚范圍＞1.5～2.5mm的允許偏差為±0.15mm。鋼的牌號包括06Cr19Ni10、022Cr19Ni10、06Cr17Ni12Mo2、022Cr17Ni12Mo2、06Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti、06Cr18Ni11Ti等6個牌號。鋼管采用冷拔（軋）無縫方法制造，以光亮固溶處理狀態交貨。力學性能要求包括拉伸和硬度。鋼管應進行液壓、壓扁、彎曲、擴口、晶間腐蝕和無損等檢驗。鋼管的內外表面應清潔、光亮、色澤均勻，無氧化皮等異物，表面粗糙度Ra應不大于3.2μm。采用不低于0.8MPa的干燥潔凈壓縮空氣逐根吹掃鋼管內表面，不應吹出任何肉眼可見的固態或液態雜物。鋼管使用木箱包裝，防護應符合鐵路標準TB/T 3218的規定，并采用外套式管帽。鋼管采用噴標方式每隔2米重復標識。鋼管的并應采用防水防潮的箱式包裝。

3. 國內(nei)外(wai)標準(zhun)對比及標準(zhun)水平

   和(he)(he)《壓力(li)用途的(de)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼管交貨技術(shu)條件(jian)第(di)5部分(fen)不銹鋼管》（EN 10216-5）、《精(jing)密用途的(de)鋼管交貨技術(shu)條件(jian)第(di)1部分(fen)無(wu)縫(feng)冷拔(ba)管》（EN10305-1）等(deng)(deng)標(biao)(biao)準相比，本(ben)標(biao)(biao)準在尺寸(cun)允許(xu)偏(pian)差、表面質量(liang)、化學成分(fen)、工(gong)藝性能(neng)、無(wu)損檢測、包裝等(deng)(deng)方面的(de)要求更(geng)加明確、具體和(he)(he)嚴格。本(ben)標(biao)(biao)準為國際(ji)先進水平。