給(gei)排(pai)水(shui)系統的合理(li)設置(zhi)及給(gei)排(pai)水(shui)管(guan)道(dao)的管(guan)材(cai)(cai)、防(fang)腐(fu)、閥門等的合理(li)選(xuan)擇，防(fang)止(zhi)了地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)和土(tu)壤受到污染，保(bao)證(zheng)了石(shi)油化工企業安全(quan)運行。埋地(di)(di)給(gei)排(pai)水(shui)管(guan)道(dao)用(yong)的管(guan)材(cai)(cai)應根據內水(shui)壓力、流量、環境介質及管(guan)材(cai)(cai)材(cai)(cai)質等綜合因素確(que)定。

 1. 給排水系統

  石化給(gei)排水(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)一般可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為給(gei)水(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)和排水(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)。給(gei)水(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)包括生(sheng)活給(gei)水(shui)、生(sheng)產給(gei)水(shui)、循環水(shui)、消防水(shui)及回用水(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)。排水(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)為含油污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)、生(sheng)產污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)、清凈雨(yu)水(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)、生(sheng)活污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)等。

   ①. 含(han)油(you)(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統主要排放各生產裝(zhuang)置、輔助設施排出的含(han)油(you)(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)，含(han)油(you)(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)通過排污(wu)(wu)井或漏斗收集，重力流進入隔油(you)(you)池(chi)，預處(chu)(chu)理后(hou)由(you)泵提(ti)升至廠區內污(wu)(wu)水(shui)處(chu)(chu)理場處(chu)(chu)理達標后(hou)排放。裝(zhuang)置污(wu)(wu)染區15min 前的初期雨水(shui)也進入含(han)油(you)(you)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)系統。

   ②. 生產(chan)污水(shui)系(xi)(xi)統主要排(pai)放(fang)裝置污染區15min以后的后期(qi)雨水(shui)，通過明溝收集(ji)進入生產(chan)污水(shui)系(xi)(xi)統，經泵加壓提升至(zhi)污水(shui)處(chu)理(li)場處(chu)理(li)達標后排(pai)放(fang)。

   ③. 清凈雨(yu)(yu)水系統為廠區道路雨(yu)(yu)水，通過管道收集后進入雨(yu)(yu)水調峰池，經(jing)監測(ce)無污(wu)染后可直接外排(pai)或處理后再利用。

   ④. 生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統來(lai)自廁所、食堂、浴室生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)，經化糞池后壓力(li)排往污(wu)水(shui)(shui)處理場的生(sheng)化池。生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)需(xu)單獨收集，個別生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)需(xu)排入(ru)生(sheng)產(chan)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)、含油(you)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統時，在接入(ru)前(qian)需(xu)設水(shui)(shui)封設施，以防止生(sheng)產(chan)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)統的有害氣體(ti)竄(cuan)入(ru)生(sheng)活(huo)設施。

 2. 管材選用

  除生活給(gei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)室內部分采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)塑料管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外，其余給(gei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)一般(ban)(ban)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)。含油(you)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)、生產污(wu)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)建議采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)輸送(song)流(liu)(liu)體用(yong)(yong)(yong)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)，也有的采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)壓流(liu)(liu)體輸送(song)用(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。雨水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)一般(ban)(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)球磨(mo)鑄鐵管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，承插連(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)。球墨鑄鐵管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)耐(nai)(nai)腐蝕性能較強(qiang)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁較厚(hou)、對管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)基礎的要求較低(di)、施工費(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)。生活污(wu)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)室內部分一般(ban)(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)建筑排(pai)水(shui)(shui)用(yong)(yong)(yong)PVC-U管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)，粘(zhan)接(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)；室外部分一般(ban)(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)壓流(liu)(liu)體輸送(song)用(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)接(jie)(jie)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，焊(han)接(jie)(jie)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)，以避免過路時生活污(wu)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)被壓損(sun)。鋼(gang)(gang)骨架增強(qiang)塑料復合管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)作為新型管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)材，具有機械強(qiang)度高(gao)、耐(nai)(nai)溫性能好、雙面防腐、節能等(deng)優(you)點，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于絕(jue)大部分石油(you)化(hua)工給(gei)埋地(di)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)下管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)材料的選用(yong)(yong)(yong)見表4.3.32。

 3. 防腐蝕(shi)設計

  給排水管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)外防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)的(de)好壞(huai)直接影響(xiang)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)壽命，因此根據實際情況選擇合(he)適防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)方案及等級是非常重(zhong)要的(de)。根據SH／T 3022《石油(you)(you)(you)化工(gong)(gong)設備和管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)涂(tu)料(liao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)蝕設計標(biao)準》，埋(mai)地管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)外防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)可采用(yong)石油(you)(you)(you)瀝青漆(qi)、環氧煤(mei)瀝青漆(qi)、聚乙烯膠(jiao)(jiao)黏帶進行(xing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)。石油(you)(you)(you)瀝青防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)涂(tu)層結構(gou)成(cheng)本低，但(dan)(dan)需(xu)在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現(xian)場加熱(re)石油(you)(you)(you)瀝青，且對(dui)環境(jing)有一(yi)定的(de)污染(ran)，已漸漸淡出市場。聚乙烯膠(jiao)(jiao)黏帶防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)層防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)性能優異，但(dan)(dan)其成(cheng)本高、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)較復(fu)雜(za)、焊(han)縫處易形成(cheng)空鼓、補口操作復(fu)雜(za)。環氧煤(mei)瀝青防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)涂(tu)層結構(gou)成(cheng)本較聚乙烯膠(jiao)(jiao)黏帶低，具有一(yi)次成(cheng)膜厚、耐酸堿、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)簡單等優點，一(yi)般(ban)選用(yong)環氧煤(mei)瀝青漆(qi)進行(xing)埋(mai)地管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)。管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)穿井壁處需(xu)設置防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)水套管(guan)(guan)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)泄(xie)漏。