空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)器(qi)（簡稱空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)）是以環境空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)作(zuo)為冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)介質，冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)高溫工(gong)藝流(liu)(liu)體(ti)的換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)，也(ye)稱空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)。管內的熱(re)(re)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)通過管壁和翅片(pian)與管外空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)進行換(huan)熱(re)(re)，所用(yong)的空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)通常由通風機(ji)(ji)供(gong)給(gei)。空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)器(qi)可用(yong)于冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)或冷(leng)(leng)凝，廣泛應(ying)用(yong)于：煉(lian)油、石油化工(gong)塔(ta)頂蒸氣(qi)的冷(leng)(leng)凝；回(hui)流(liu)(liu)油、塔(ta)底油的冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)；各(ge)種反應(ying)生成物(wu)的冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)；循環氣(qi)體(ti)的冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)和電站(zhan)汽(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)排氣(qi)的冷(leng)(leng)凝。工(gong)作(zuo)壓(ya)力可達69MPa。但耗電量、噪聲和占地面(mian)積均大(da)，冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)效果(guo)受氣(qi)候變(bian)化影響較大(da)。空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)標(biao)準主要有(you)API 661《煉(lian)油廠用(yong)通用(yong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)》、ISO 13706《石油、石化和天然氣(qi)工(gong)業風冷(leng)(leng)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)》、GB／T 15386《空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)》等。

1. 空氣冷(leng)卻(que)器的(de)結構

  空(kong)氣(qi)冷(leng)卻器主(zhu)要由管(guan)束、通風機、構架及百葉(xie)窗(chuang)等組成，如圖7.12所示。

  空(kong)氣(qi)冷卻器管(guan)(guan)束包括傳熱管(guan)(guan)、管(guan)(guan)箱、側(ce)梁(liang)和(he)橫梁(liang)等(deng)。它(ta)可按臥式(shi)、立(li)式(shi)和(he)斜頂式(shi)（人(ren)字式(shi)）3種基本形式(shi)布置，見圖7.13。其中，臥式(shi)布置傳熱面(mian)積大，空(kong)氣(qi)分布均勻，傳熱效(xiao)果好；斜頂式(shi)布置時，通(tong)風機安裝在人(ren)字中央(yang)空(kong)間(jian)，占地面(mian)積小，結構(gou)緊湊。為抵消空(kong)氣(qi)側(ce)的給(gei)熱系數較低的影響，通(tong)常采用(yong)光(guang)管(guan)(guan)外(wai)壁裝翅片的管(guan)(guan)子。

2. 空冷器的分類

  ①. 按空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器管束布置形式分類：水(shui)平(ping)式全冷(leng)器；斜頂式空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器；立式空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器；圓環式空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器。

  ②. 按空冷器(qi)(qi)通風方式(shi)分(fen)類：自(zi)然通風式(shi)全冷器(qi)(qi)；鼓風式(shi)空冷器(qi)(qi)；引風式(shi)空冷器(qi)(qi)。

  ③. 按空冷(leng)器冷(leng)卻方式(shi)(shi)分(fen)類：干式(shi)(shi)全(quan)冷(leng)器：濕(shi)式(shi)(shi)空冷(leng)器；干濕(shi)聯合空冷(leng)器；兩側噴(pen)淋聯合空冷(leng)器。

  ④. 按空冷器(qi)風(feng)量控(kong)制(zhi)方式(shi)分類：百葉窗(chuang)調(diao)節式(shi)全冷器(qi)；可變角調(diao)節式(shi)空冷器(qi)；電動機調(diao)速式(shi)空冷器(qi)。

圖(tu)7.14所示(shi)為不(bu)同類型空(kong)冷(leng)器示(shi)意(yi)圖(tu)。

3. 空冷器的優點與缺點