1. 不銹鋼化學鍍銅的應用(yong)
不銹鋼化學鍍銅應用(yong)于電子工(gong)業、計算機工(gong)業及航空工(gong)業中電子元件的(de)高(gao)效電磁干擾的(de)屏蔽。
2. 不(bu)銹鋼(gang)基體上化學鍍(du)銅存(cun)在的問題
高清下載香蕉視頻app蘋果:不銹鋼基體上化學鍍銅易造成鍍層鼓泡，這不僅影響了鍍層與基體的結合力，而且直接影響到外觀質量。為此，將鍍前酸處理過的不銹鋼放在烘箱中加熱，以除去酸洗時滲入到基體的氫，采用此方法解決了鍍層起泡問題，得到所需要的化學鍍銅層。
3. 不銹鋼(gang)化(hua)學鍍銅工藝流程(cheng)
NiCr不銹鋼(gang)（經過600℃真空熱處(chu)(chu)理(li)）→化學除油(you)［氫氧化鈉（NaOH)10%(質(zhi)量分數(shu)）］→水(shui)(shui)洗→熱水(shui)(shui)洗→除銹（鹽酸1:1溶液，溫度(du)80~100℃,時(shi)間5min)→水(shui)(shui)洗→干燥(zao)→除氫（在烘箱中(zhong)溫度(du)200℃,時(shi)間2h)→酸處(chu)(chu)理(li)［稀硫酸5%(質(zhi)量分數(shu)），時(shi)間1~5min]→水(shui)(shui)洗→去(qu)離(li)子水(shui)(shui)洗→化學鍍銅(tong)→水(shui)(shui)洗→抗銅(tong)變(bian)色處(chu)(chu)理(li)（苯并三氮(dan)唑1g/L,溫度(du)65℃,時(shi)間2min)→純(chun)水(shui)(shui)洗→熱純(chun)水(shui)(shui)洗→干燥(zao)。
4. 化學鍍(du)銅溶液成(cheng)分及工藝條件(jian)見(jian)表4-39
5. 化學(xue)鍍(du)銅(tong)溶液的配制
先(xian)將(jiang)(jiang)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)銅(tong)(tong)和(he)酒石酸(suan)(suan)鉀(jia)(jia)鈉分(fen)別用(yong)(yong)純(chun)(chun)水溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)，然(ran)后將(jiang)(jiang)硫(liu)酸(suan)(suan)銅(tong)(tong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)在攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)下(xia)加(jia)入(ru)酒石酸(suan)(suan)鉀(jia)(jia)鈉溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)中，銅(tong)(tong)離子(zi)(zi)被(bei)酒石酸(suan)(suan)離子(zi)(zi)絡(luo)(luo)合成藍色絡(luo)(luo)合物(wu)。再(zai)將(jiang)(jiang)氯化(hua)(hua)鎳用(yong)(yong)少(shao)量水溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)后攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)加(jia)入(ru)，再(zai)加(jia)入(ru)甲醛溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)，攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)均勻(yun)。將(jiang)(jiang)氫氧化(hua)(hua)鈉用(yong)(yong)純(chun)(chun)水溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)成200g/L 的濃溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)待用(yong)(yong)。在開(kai)始(shi)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)鍍(du)銅(tong)(tong)前，逐步在攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)下(xia)加(jia)入(ru)藍色絡(luo)(luo)合液(ye)中，使溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)pH達到12 左(zuo)右（用(yong)(yong)9~13精密(mi)pH試紙測量），最后將(jiang)(jiang)穩定劑(ji)亞鐵(tie)氯化(hua)(hua)鉀(jia)(jia)、聚乙(yi)二醇用(yong)(yong)少(shao)量水溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)后攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)加(jia)入(ru)，乙(yi)醇可(ke)(ke)直接加(jia)入(ru)，最后用(yong)(yong)純(chun)(chun)水加(jia)入(ru)至溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的規定體積，攪(jiao)(jiao)拌(ban)(ban)均勻(yun)后放(fang)入(ru)不銹(xiu)鋼件即可(ke)(ke)開(kai)始(shi)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)鍍(du)銅(tong)(tong)。
6. 操(cao)作要點
①. 裝載量
按照(zhao)每升鍍液裝載2d㎡計算。
②. 除氫和攪拌
不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼對(dui)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)滲(shen)很敏感，工件(jian)(jian)在(zai)酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)會(hui)滲(shen)人到(dao)基(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)，如(ru)果不(bu)除(chu)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)，化(hua)學鍍(du)(du)銅(tong)鍍(du)(du)層(ceng)致(zhi)密小孔(kong)覆(fu)蓋在(zai)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼表面(mian)(mian)(mian)后，氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)氣無(wu)法逸出，造成(cheng)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)力(li)，使(shi)(shi)鍍(du)(du)層(ceng)起(qi)泡(pao)(pao)，加(jia)上(shang)化(hua)學鍍(du)(du)銅(tong)本(ben)身伴隨著(zhu)析(xi)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程，氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)氣會(hui)殘(can)留在(zai)基(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)與鍍(du)(du)層(ceng)金屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)晶格中(zhong)，增大內(nei)應(ying)(ying)力(li)，嚴(yan)重地減(jian)弱基(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)與鍍(du)(du)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)合(he)強度(du)(du)(du)。為此，從兩方面(mian)(mian)(mian)著(zhu)手解決鍍(du)(du)層(ceng)起(qi)泡(pao)(pao)問(wen)題。其一是把經過(guo)(guo)(guo)去(qu)(qu)油、酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)工件(jian)(jian)在(zai)化(hua)學鍍(du)(du)銅(tong)前(qian)進行熱處理，除(chu)去(qu)(qu)滲(shen)入(ru)(ru)到(dao)基(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)，熱處理溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)條件(jian)(jian)經實驗(yan)確定(ding)為180~200℃,2小時(shi)(shi)(shi)，鍍(du)(du)層(ceng)無(wu)鼓泡(pao)(pao)，鍍(du)(du)層(ceng)結(jie)合(he)力(li)合(he)格。溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)(guo)低或時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)短仍有(you)(you)輕微鼓泡(pao)(pao)，溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)或時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)長(chang)都(dou)容易使(shi)(shi)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)再(zai)(zai)次生(sheng)成(cheng)不(bu)易去(qu)(qu)除(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)皮(pi)，又(you)需要較長(chang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)強酸(suan)(suan)處理，酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)會(hui)再(zai)(zai)次滲(shen)入(ru)(ru)基(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)。在(zai)所(suo)選定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)和(he)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)下雖表面(mian)(mian)(mian)會(hui)有(you)(you)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)膜生(sheng)成(cheng)，但使(shi)(shi)用(yong)稀硫酸(suan)(suan)短時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)酸(suan)(suan)洗(xi)即可(ke)，以免再(zai)(zai)次滲(shen)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。其二是在(zai)化(hua)學鍍(du)(du)銅(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，采用(yong)某種(zhong)攪拌（空氣攪拌或機(ji)械攪拌），有(you)(you)利于(yu)銅(tong)離(li)子向工件(jian)(jian)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)擴散，防止(zhi)和(he)減(jian)少副反應(ying)(ying)產物(wu)銅(tong)粉(fen)（即Cu2O)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)成(cheng)，而且有(you)(you)利于(yu)反應(ying)(ying)產物(wu)氫(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)氣脫離(li)工件(jian)(jian)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)。通過(guo)(guo)(guo)上(shang)述兩種(zhong)方法有(you)(you)效地解決了鍍(du)(du)層(ceng)鼓泡(pao)(pao)問(wen)題，提高(gao)了鍍(du)(du)層(ceng)與基(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)合(he)強度(du)(du)(du)。
③. 催(cui)化(hua)活性(xing)劑-鎳離子(zi)
在化(hua)學鍍銅(tong)溶液中加入少量(liang)鎳(nie)(nie)離子(zi)后，鍍層(ceng)性(xing)質得到改善，在鍍銅(tong)層(ceng)中含(han)有微(wei)量(liang)的(de)鎳(nie)(nie)，形成Cu89Ni11金屬化(hua)合物，它具有最佳的(de)催化(hua)活(huo)性(xing)，提高鍍層(ceng)的(de)催化(hua)活(huo)性(xing)。
④. 穩定劑的控制
在化(hua)學鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)過程中，甲(jia)(jia)醛(quan)能將二(er)價銅(tong)(tong)(tong)離子還原為金屬銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)層，還存(cun)在有(you)副反應(ying)，即不完(wan)全(quan)反應(ying)生成(cheng)暗紅色的(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)亞銅(tong)(tong)(tong)（Cu2O),它形成(cheng)微(wei)粒(li)(li)懸(xuan)浮在鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)中，呈膠(jiao)體狀態，極難用(yong)(yong)過濾除去，若與銅(tong)(tong)(tong)共沉積，使(shi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)層疏(shu)松粗糙，與基(ji)體結合力極差。氧(yang)化(hua)亞銅(tong)(tong)(tong)被甲(jia)(jia)醛(quan)還原成(cheng)金屬微(wei)粒(li)(li)，又成(cheng)為自催(cui)化(hua)中心，使(shi)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)自發(fa)分(fen)(fen)解，消耗了(le)鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)中的(de)(de)有(you)效成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)。為了(le)抑制副反應(ying)的(de)(de)發(fa)生，加(jia)入(ru)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)劑，以提高鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)的(de)(de)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)。但是，過量(liang)的(de)(de)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)劑的(de)(de)加(jia)人，又成(cheng)了(le)化(hua)學鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)反應(ying)的(de)(de)催(cui)化(hua)毒性(xing)(xing)劑，顯著降低化(hua)學鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)速率，甚至停鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)，故選用(yong)(yong)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)劑，并控制其很低的(de)(de)適(shi)宜含量(liang)，對提高鍍(du)(du)(du)(du)液(ye)穩(wen)(wen)(wen)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)有(you)效。
⑤. 防銅層(ceng)變(bian)色處理
對(dui)銅(tong)(tong)層進行防變色(se)處理，在鍍銅(tong)(tong)層表面形成(cheng)一層穩定的(de)(de)絡合膜，隔(ge)絕(jue)外界浸蝕性物質(zhi)對(dui)鍍銅(tong)(tong)層的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，使鍍銅(tong)(tong)層保持本色(se)一定的(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)。苯(ben)并三氮唑要先用(yong)乙(yi)醇溶解(jie)好，然后加入熱(re)蒸餾水中。防變色(se)處理的(de)(de)溫度(du)不(bu)低于(yu)65℃,時(shi)間(jian)不(bu)少于(yu)2min,否則防變色(se)達不(bu)到效果。
7. 鍍層結合強(qiang)度檢測－劃痕實驗(yan)法(fa)
在鍍(du)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)表(biao)面用刀(dao)片劃(hua)出1mm間距的(de)(de)直行線和(he)90°交錯的(de)(de)橫行線形成小方格(ge)(ge)。觀察劃(hua)痕(hen)交錯處鍍(du)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)有(you)無起層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，進一步(bu)用黏性高(gao)的(de)(de)膠帶(dai)貼(tie)于劃(hua)痕(hen)表(biao)面，再撕(si)下膠帶(dai)，以(yi)銅層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)不(bu)脫落為合(he)格(ge)(ge)。
8. 不銹鋼(gang)化(hua)學(xue)鍍銅(tong)常見故障、可能原(yuan)因及糾正方法見表4-40.
