不銹鋼(gang)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管道的(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)一種(zhong)承壓(ya)(ya)(ya)狀態(tai)下(xia)的(de)射(she)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)現(xian)象。射(she)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)較大，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)從(cong)不銹鋼(gang)管道的(de)裂(lie)隙中噴射(she)出(chu)(chu)來(lai)是(shi)有(you)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力的(de)，因(yin)而產生了(le)一種(zhong)連續的(de)振動現(xian)象。漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)的(de)多少取(qu)決于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)高低(di)及(ji)裂(lie)隙的(de)大小。漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)少時(shi)(shi)，可(ke)被土(tu)壤吸收，漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)多時(shi)(shi)，則可(ke)能(neng)竄流至下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道、河床等(deng)處，也可(ke)能(neng)有(you)部分水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)冒(mao)出(chu)(chu)地面(mian)。地表(biao)負(fu)荷較大時(shi)(shi)可(ke)能(neng)會壓(ya)(ya)(ya)壞管道、自然災害可(ke)使管道折斷、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)擊可(ke)能(neng)造成(cheng)管道崩裂(lie)、管壁腐蝕可(ke)能(neng)造成(cheng)管道破裂(lie)等(deng)種(zhong)種(zhong)原(yuan)因(yin)都可(ke)能(neng)造成(cheng)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)沒有(you)冒(mao)出(chu)(chu)地面(mian)的(de)稱暗漏(lou)(lou)(lou)，漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)冒(mao)出(chu)(chu)地面(mian)的(de)稱明(ming)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)。無(wu)論是(shi)何種(zhong)原(yuan)因(yin)造成(cheng)的(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，反映在(zai)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管網(wang)上都是(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)無(wu)效(xiao)損耗，檢漏(lou)(lou)(lou)方法如(ru)下(xia)。


 1. 暗(an)漏(lou)的檢(jian)漏(lou)方法(fa)  


   聽漏法(fa)是目前檢查(cha)暗漏的主要手段(duan)，通過漏水(shui)時產生(sheng)振動的聲(sheng)響確定漏水(shui)點，常用的聽漏工具有以下兩種(zhong)。


    a. 聽(ting)漏器  由(you)(you)聽(ting)(ting)漏盤(pan)、軟管和聽(ting)(ting)塞(sai)三部分組成(cheng)(cheng)，類似于(yu)醫用聽(ting)(ting)診器(qi)。聽(ting)(ting)漏盤(pan)由(you)(you)音響(xiang)(xiang)銅(tong)皮、鉛餅(bing)、上盤(pan)、下盤(pan)、連接螺栓構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)，拾音部件為音響(xiang)(xiang)銅(tong)皮，鉛餅(bing)可使聽(ting)(ting)漏盤(pan)緊貼地面。其傳聲性能好，撿漏準確度較高，在無(wu)風無(wu)雨的深夜，沿給水管道(dao)地面每隔一(yi)至兩(liang)米探聽(ting)(ting)一(yi)次(ci)，遇到有水的響(xiang)(xiang)聲停止前行，響(xiang)(xiang)聲最大處(chu)即是(shi)漏水點。


圖 7.jpg


    b. 電子檢漏儀器(qi)(qi)  由拾音器(qi)(qi)、放大濾波器(qi)(qi)及顯示(shi)器(qi)(qi)三部分組成，拾音器(qi)(qi)的構(gou)造和工作原理(li)如圖5-7所示(shi)。


   拾音器(qi)(qi)可(ke)將漏水時發出的(de)(de)聲音轉(zhuan)變成電信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)，通(tong)(tong)過放大(da)器(qi)(qi)把微弱的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)放大(da)并進行阻抗(kang)變換(huan)、檢(jian)波，再通(tong)(tong)過濾(lv)波器(qi)(qi)將放大(da)了(le)的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)進行濾(lv)波，將漏水聲以外(wai)的(de)(de)其他高低頻率的(de)(de)干(gan)擾(rao)聲波濾(lv)掉，最后通(tong)(tong)過顯示器(qi)(qi)把信(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)顯示出來，或(huo)通(tong)(tong)過耳機進行監聽。


 2. 明(ming)漏(lou)的檢漏(lou)方法 


  明漏的(de)檢漏方法主要(yao)是靠(kao)專人觀察，檢查可能漏水(shui)(shui)的(de)可疑跡象(xiang)(xiang)，例如(ru)：地(di)(di)面(mian)上(shang)有水(shui)(shui)漏出；管道(dao)上(shang)部(bu)(bu)土(tu)壤泥濘或(huo)濕(shi)潤；雜(za)草生長(chang)較周圍(wei)茂盛(sheng)，冬天(tian)雪地(di)(di)有反(fan)常的(de)融(rong)雪地(di)(di)帶；部(bu)(bu)分用戶(hu)水(shui)(shui)壓突然降(jiang)低，地(di)(di)區水(shui)(shui)壓下(xia)降(jiang)現象(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)常；管道(dao)通過的(de)局部(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)面(mian)發生沉陷；下(xia)水(shui)(shui)道(dao)內出現清水(shui)(shui)。


  上述(shu)現(xian)象都說明(ming)有漏(lou)水的(de)可能性存在，通過觀察，大多(duo)都能確定漏(lou)水點。