靜(jing)電是(shi)指工業靜(jing)電，即在生(sheng)產(chan)、儲運過(guo)程(cheng)中在物料(liao)、裝置、人體、器(qi)材(cai)和構筑(zhu)物上產(chan)生(sheng)和積累起(qi)來的靜(jing)電。

  兩種不同性質的物(wu)(wu)(wu)體相互摩(mo)擦，緊(jin)密接觸或(huo)(huo)迅速剝離(li)都會(hui)產生(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)，其(qi)(qi)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)物(wu)(wu)(wu)體失去電(dian)子(zi)帶有正電(dian)荷，另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)物(wu)(wu)(wu)體得到(dao)電(dian)子(zi)帶負(fu)電(dian)荷。如(ru)果該物(wu)(wu)(wu)體與大(da)地絕緣，則電(dian)荷無法泄漏，停留(liu)在物(wu)(wu)(wu)體的內部或(huo)(huo)表面而(er)呈相對靜(jing)止狀態，這種電(dian)荷就(jiu)稱靜(jing)電(dian)。可燃化工物(wu)(wu)(wu)料、油(you)品等(deng)在收(shou)發、輸轉、灌(guan)裝過(guo)程中，物(wu)(wu)(wu)料分(fen)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)和其(qi)(qi)他物(wu)(wu)(wu)質之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的摩(mo)擦，會(hui)產生(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)，其(qi)(qi)電(dian)壓隨(sui)著(zhu)摩(mo)擦的加劇而(er)增大(da)，如(ru)不及時(shi)導除(chu)，當電(dian)壓增高到(dao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定程度時(shi)，就(jiu)會(hui)在兩帶電(dian)體之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)閃火(huo)（即(ji)靜(jing)電(dian)放電(dian)）而(er)引起(qi)油(you)品爆炸著(zhu)火(huo)。靜(jing)電(dian)電(dian)壓越高越容易放電(dian)。

  電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)低或靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量大小主要與(yu)下(xia)列因素有(you)關：管(guan)道(dao)(dao)內介質流(liu)速越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)快，摩(mo)擦越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)劇烈，產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)；空氣越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)干燥，靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不容(rong)(rong)易從(cong)空氣中消除，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)容(rong)(rong)易升高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)；管(guan)道(dao)(dao)內壁越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)粗(cu)糙，油(you)品流(liu)經的(de)(de)彎頭閥門越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)多，產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)；油(you)品含(han)水時(shi)，比不含(han)水分產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)幾(ji)倍(bei)到幾(ji)十(shi)倍(bei)；非(fei)金屬管(guan)道(dao)(dao)，如橡膠、塑料等管(guan)道(dao)(dao)比金屬管(guan)道(dao)(dao)更容(rong)(rong)易產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；管(guan)道(dao)(dao)上濾(lv)網其柵網越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)密，產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)。綢(chou)氈(zhan)過(guo)濾(lv)網產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)更高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)；空氣的(de)(de)溫度(du)較高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)（22～40℃），空氣的(de)(de)相對濕度(du)在13％～24％時(shi)，極易產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；在相同條件下(xia)，輕質燃料油(you)比潤滑油(you)易產(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  靜(jing)電的(de)危(wei)害有三(san)種：一是(shi)可(ke)能引(yin)起爆炸和火災，靜(jing)電的(de)能量雖然(ran)不(bu)大，但因其電壓很高(gao)且易放電出現靜(jing)電火花(hua)；二是(shi)可(ke)能產生(sheng)電擊(ji)，靜(jing)電產生(sheng)的(de)電擊(ji)雖然(ran)不(bu)會(hui)致(zhi)人(ren)死亡，但是(shi)往往會(hui)導致(zhi)二次事故，因此也(ye)要加以防范；三(san)是(shi)可(ke)能影響生(sheng)產，在(zai)生(sheng)產中(zhong)，靜(jing)電有可(ke)能會(hui)影響儀(yi)器設備的(de)正(zheng)常運行或降低(di)產品的(de)質量。此外，靜(jing)電還會(hui)引(yin)起電子自(zi)動(dong)元件(jian)的(de)誤操作。