連續軋管機是在毛管內穿入長芯棒后，經過多機架順序布置且相鄰機架輥縫互錯（二輥式輥縫互錯90°如圖4-1所示，三輥式輥縫互錯60°)的連軋機軋成不銹鋼管，它是當今最為廣泛使用的縱軋不銹鋼管方法。在連續軋管機軋制過程中，軋件變形實際上是受多組（4~8組）軋輥與芯棒的反復作用從圓到橢圓···橢圓再到圓的過程。
連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)軋管(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)發展歷(li)史(shi)悠久，早在(zai)19世(shi)(shi)紀末就曾嘗試(shi)在(zai)長芯(xin)棒上進行軋管(guan)，但由于種(zhong)種(zhong)原因(yin)，至1950年(nian)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)上也僅(jin)有(you)6臺連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)軋管(guan)機(ji)(ji)。1960年(nian)后，隨著科學技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)進步和生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)發展，特(te)別是電子計算機(ji)(ji)技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)飛速發展和應用(yong)，使(shi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)軋管(guan)機(ji)(ji)在(zai)生產(chan)(chan)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)和設備上日(ri)趨完善，得到了(le)(le)迅速的(de)(de)(de)發展和推廣(guang)。在(zai)浮(fu)動(dong)芯(xin)棒連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)軋管(guan)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)基礎上，限動(dong)芯(xin)棒連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)軋管(guan)機(ji)(ji)于20世(shi)(shi)紀60年(nian)代中期進行了(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)試(shi)驗(yan)，獲(huo)得了(le)(le)可(ke)喜的(de)(de)(de)成果(guo)。1978年(nian)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)上第一套限動(dong)芯(xin)棒連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)軋管(guan)機(ji)(ji)（MPM)在(zai)意(yi)大(da)利達爾明鋼管(guan)廠建(jian)成投產(chan)(chan)，連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)軋管(guan)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)發展到了(le)(le)一個新的(de)(de)(de)水準。20世(shi)(shi)紀90年(nian)代末又(you)推出了(le)(le)三輥連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)軋管(guan)機(ji)(ji)（PQF)技術(shu)，使(shi)連(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)續(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)軋管(guan)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)裝備躍(yue)上了(le)(le)更高的(de)(de)(de)臺階。
連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管機(ji)(ji)在PQF出現以前，都是(shi)兩(liang)輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，即(ji)由(you)兩(liang)個(ge)軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)為(wei)(wei)一組組成孔型，二輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)架(jia)既有與(yu)地面(mian)呈(cheng)45°交錯布置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，也有與(yu)地面(mian)垂直、水平交錯布置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。PQF為(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，即(ji)由(you)三(san)(san)個(ge)軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)為(wei)(wei)一組組成孔型，如(ru)圖4-2所示(shi)。連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管時，孔型頂部的(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)由(you)于(yu)受到軋(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)外壓(ya)力和(he)芯(xin)棒(bang)內壓(ya)力作用而產生(sheng)軸(zhou)向(xiang)延伸，并向(xiang)圓周橫向(xiang)寬展(zhan)，而孔型側壁(bi)部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)與(yu)芯(xin)棒(bang)不(bu)接(jie)觸，但(dan)它(ta)被(bei)頂部軸(zhou)向(xiang)延伸的(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬(shu)對它(ta)附加的(de)(de)(de)(de)拉(la)應力作用而產生(sheng)軸(zhou)向(xiang)延伸，并同時產生(sheng)軸(zhou)向(xiang)拉(la)縮(suo)。不(bu)論兩(liang)輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)還是(shi)三(san)(san)輥(gun)(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管機(ji)(ji)，按芯(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行方式(shi)可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)浮動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管機(ji)(ji)、半浮動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管機(ji)(ji)和(he)限動(dong)(dong)芯(xin)棒(bang)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管機(ji)(ji)三(san)(san)種(zhong)形式(shi)。
為了完(wan)成將連續軋(ya)管機軋(ya)出的(de)荒管與芯棒脫開分離的(de)工(gong)藝目的(de)，便于荒管在后(hou)道(dao)工(gong)序進一步加(jia)工(gong)成品不銹(xiu)鋼管，一般采用以下兩(liang)種(zhong)方(fang)法。
1. 脫棒機
軋(ya)制結束(shu)后(hou)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)／芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)被一(yi)起移出(chu)軋(ya)制線，荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)受軸(zhou)向約束(shu)不動，用(yong)(yong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)將芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)從荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)中(zhong)抽出(chu)。我們將這種荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)不動，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動的(de)設備稱為(wei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)。當(dang)帶芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)進(jin)入脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈上的(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡緊裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)就鉤住芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)尾柄，而(er)液壓開閉的(de)卡板擋住荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈從荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)中(zhong)抽出(chu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈轉過(guo)半圈(quan)完(wan)成(cheng)一(yi)次脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)動作(zuo)，鏈所走(zou)過(guo)的(de)距(ju)離約為(wei)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)長度的(de)1.1倍。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)的(de)最(zui)大(da)速度大(da)于4.5m/s,到(dao)達終(zhong)位(wei)的(de)誤(wu)差為(wei)±50mm.脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)的(de)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)經輸送(song)輥道送(song)到(dao)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)定位(wei)升(sheng)降擋板前，然后(hou)由芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)移送(song)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)把芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)送(song)人芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)冷卻槽(cao)，循環使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)安裝(zhuang)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)連續軋(ya)管(guan)機(ji)平行。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)有兩(liang)列(lie)(lie)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈，這兩(liang)列(lie)(lie)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈用(yong)(yong)橫(heng)(heng)梁(liang)連接(jie)起來(lai)，兩(liang)列(lie)(lie)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)鏈間共有兩(liang)個(ge)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)(heng)梁(liang)及多個(ge)承載橫(heng)(heng)梁(liang)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)(heng)梁(liang)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)從荒(huang)(huang)管(guan)中(zhong)抽出(chu)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)，而(er)承載橫(heng)(heng)梁(liang)用(yong)(yong)來(lai)在脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)過(guo)程中(zhong)支撐芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。在脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)橫(heng)(heng)梁(liang)上用(yong)(yong)螺栓緊固與(yu)軋(ya)件尺寸相關的(de)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡緊裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，當(dang)更(geng)換軋(ya)制芯(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)時，需要更(geng)換脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)卡緊裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)。
2. 脫管機
軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)結束后，芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)停止運動，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在線被(bei)(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)裝置(zhi)將(jiang)(jiang)其從(cong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)中(zhong)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)(chu)，我(wo)們將(jiang)(jiang)這種芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)不動，荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)稱為脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)既有兩輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也有三(san)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)置(zhi)有兩個重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工藝目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)：（1)將(jiang)(jiang)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)從(cong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)(chu)，完(wan)成(cheng)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，在軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)線上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，省去了(le)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，縮短了(le)工藝流程，提高了(le)終軋(ya)(ya)(ya)溫度；（2)起(qi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)作用，也就是說在每一支鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)生產(chan)中(zhong)，該機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也有延伸和(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)作用。在早期設(she)計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)動芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)連續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)中(zhong)就嘗試過不單獨設(she)置(zhi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)（如(ru)1985年建(jian)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日本(ben)NKK京濱(bin)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ф250mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)和(he)1990年建(jian)造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)俄羅斯伏爾(er)加鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)廠(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Φ426mm機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)），而(er)是將(jiang)(jiang)MPM軋(ya)(ya)(ya)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)直(zhi)接送(song)人(ren)緊隨其后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)架二輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)式(shi)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)（1997年日本(ben)住友和(he)歌山ф426mm MPM 機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)則是送(song)入(ru)(ru)其后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12架三(san)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)式(shi)（FQS)),使脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)在一個工序內完(wan)成(cheng)；荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在連續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)，被(bei)(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)／定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)從(cong)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)上脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)(chu)并完(wan)成(cheng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)任(ren)務(wu)，實現MPM與定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)徑(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連軋(ya)(ya)(ya)。但由于荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規格和(he)材質(zhi)種類(lei)較多，給成(cheng)品管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外徑(jing)控(kong)制(zhi)帶(dai)(dai)來(lai)困難，很難保證鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外徑(jing)精度，因此在以后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)中(zhong)沒有再使用這種工藝布置(zhi)。為生產(chan)薄(bo)(bo)壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)中(zhong)厚壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，每架脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)型名義直(zhi)徑(jing)必(bi)須小(xiao)于軋(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)直(zhi)徑(jing)。在生產(chan)薄(bo)(bo)壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)時(shi)(shi)，脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)減徑(jing)量要相應加大(da)，否則薄(bo)(bo)壁管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不易被(bei)(bei)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)出(chu)(chu)。每架脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上都裝有安全(quan)白，以防(fang)止芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)進入(ru)(ru)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)損(sun)傷軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)及(ji)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械部分。在事故情況下，假如(ru)當帶(dai)(dai)芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進入(ru)(ru)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)孔(kong)型時(shi)(shi)，若(ruo)脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)承受(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徑(jing)向載(zai)荷大(da)于預設(she)值，則軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)孔(kong)型會相應張開(kai)，防(fang)止芯(xin)(xin)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)頂(ding)壞軋(ya)(ya)(ya)輥(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)及(ji)設(she)備(bei)。
3. 空減機的配置
空減機(ji)(ji)(ji)是空心坯減徑(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)簡(jian)稱，一(yi)套連續軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為使其產品外徑(jing)規格范(fan)圍(wei)盡可能(neng)地大(da)，設計時一(yi)般選(xuan)用2~5個孔(kong)型(xing)，軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)后配備(bei)張減機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇孔(kong)型(xing)數較少，軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)后配備(bei)定徑(jing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇孔(kong)型(xing)數較多。由于孔(kong)型(xing)尺寸的(de)(de)(de)變化相應地軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)入口的(de)(de)(de)毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)外徑(jing)也要(yao)隨著發生變化，為適(shi)應軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)入口毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)外徑(jing)變化，通常有兩種方法：
a. 選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)幾種外徑的(de)管(guan)坯，針對不同的(de)孔(kong)型選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)不同規格的(de)管(guan)坯，但每次更(geng)換孔(kong)型時(shi)需對穿孔(kong)機(ji)的(de)受料槽、導(dao)(dao)衛裝置（導(dao)(dao)板(ban)或(huo)導(dao)(dao)盤(pan)）進行更(geng)換，這樣做一方面(mian)占用(yong)較(jiao)多工作時(shi)間；另一方面(mian)管(guan)坯料場、穿孔(kong)機(ji)工具需要場地較(jiao)大；
b. 在穿(chuan)孔機與軋管機之間布置一臺空(kong)減機，通過空(kong)減機可(ke)使用(yong)同一種外(wai)徑尺寸的管坯來滿(man)足軋管機不同孔型(xing)成為可(ke)能。
浮(fu)動芯(xin)棒連續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機組(zu)(zu)(zu)采用穿孔(kong)機與(yu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機之間布(bu)置(zhi)空(kong)(kong)減(jian)(jian)(jian)機的(de)方(fang)法比較經(jing)(jing)濟，這樣(yang)既(ji)可僅(jin)用一個規格的(de)管(guan)(guan)坯組(zu)(zu)(zu)織生產，減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)了(le)管(guan)(guan)坯庫的(de)面積和(he)穿孔(kong)機相關的(de)軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)工(gong)具數量，又可以減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)換孔(kong)型(xing)的(de)時(shi)間，提(ti)高了(le)機組(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)作業率(lv)。經(jing)(jing)空(kong)(kong)減(jian)(jian)(jian)機后的(de)毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)(guan)在運往連續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)機入口臺架前，先通過一個吹灰(hui)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)用壓縮空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)吹去毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)(guan)內的(de)細(xi)小氧化鐵皮，以減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)對芯(xin)棒的(de)磨損和(he)管(guan)(guan)子內表面缺陷，同時(shi)空(kong)(kong)減(jian)(jian)(jian)機亦消除了(le)狄(di)塞(sai)爾穿孔(kong)機所造成的(de)毛(mao)(mao)管(guan)(guan)頭尾(wei)外徑(jing)差，使軋(ya)(ya)制(zhi)過程(cheng)穩定。這種單獨(du)布(bu)置(zhi)的(de)空(kong)(kong)減(jian)(jian)(jian)機一般使用三輥式及3~6個機架。
半浮動芯(xin)棒連(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)組將(jiang)空減(jian)機(ji)布(bu)(bu)置在(zai)連(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)人口側，即(ji)與連(lian)續軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)串(chuan)列布(bu)(bu)置，一(yi)般為(wei)兩輥(gun)式、2~4架(jia)；在(zai)保(bao)持了原有(you)空減(jian)機(ji)優點的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，可縮短工藝流(liu)程，減(jian)少占地(di)面積。這(zhe)種變(bian)化一(yi)方面是(shi)因(yin)(yin)為(wei)錐形輥(gun)穿孔機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)應用使變(bian)形前(qian)移，軋(ya)管(guan)(guan)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)架(jia)數相應減(jian)少（減(jian)少2~3架(jia)），串(chuan)列布(bu)(bu)置因(yin)(yin)芯(xin)棒的(de)(de)(de)長度增(zeng)加而引起的(de)(de)(de)軋(ya)制節奏變(bian)化不是(shi)很多（因(yin)(yin)軋(ya)制終(zhong)了芯(xin)棒向前(qian)運動）；另一(yi)方面串(chuan)列布(bu)(bu)置可減(jian)少毛管(guan)(guan)在(zai)縱向移動過程中內表面的(de)(de)(de)氧化和(he)溫降，能更有(you)效地(di)確(que)保(bao)鋼管(guan)(guan)質量。
限動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)連(lian)續(xu)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)在(zai)最初時(shi)沒有(you)(you)空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，采(cai)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種規格的(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)坯對(dui)應(ying)一(yi)(yi)個孔(kong)型，這(zhe)主要是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制時(shi)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)與軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)件內(nei)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相對(dui)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)比浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作條件更(geng)(geng)為惡(e)劣，芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)更(geng)(geng)容易磨損和劃傷。限動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)工(gong)藝上不允許毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)進入軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)前做縱向運動(dong)(dong)(dong)，必須有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)防止毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)二次氧化，才能(neng)(neng)確保鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量，因此不可能(neng)(neng)像(xiang)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)那樣在(zai)穿孔(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)與軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)之間(jian)布置(zhi)空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。如(ru)采(cai)用(yong)半浮(fu)(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)串列布置(zhi)，因芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)長(chang)(chang)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)使軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制節奏更(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)緩慢(man)（因軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制終了(le)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)向后運動(dong)(dong)(dong)），將影(ying)響機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)揮(hui)，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)不經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)。近十年(nian)來(lai)，限動(dong)(dong)(dong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)也在(zai)不斷吸收(shou)其(qi)他(ta)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)處，在(zai)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)入口側串列布置(zhi)1架空減(jian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)（三輥、四輥形式(shi)均有(you)(you)），目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)于(yu)消(xiao)除毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)與芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)棒(bang)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙和毛管(guan)(guan)(guan)外徑的(de)(de)(de)(de)頭尾直(zhi)徑偏(pian)差，使軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制更(geng)(geng)加(jia)(jia)平(ping)穩，從而提高軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輥的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)壽命，確保鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾何(he)尺寸精度(du)和內(nei)外表(biao)(biao)面(mian)質(zhi)量。
4. 吹硼砂的工藝
限動芯(xin)棒(bang)連(lian)續軋(ya)(ya)管機(ji)組比(bi)浮動、半浮動機(ji)組多了一個工(gong)(gong)序就是(shi)在軋(ya)(ya)管機(ji)入口前向(xiang)毛管內用氮氣噴抗氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)，工(gong)(gong)藝目的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)去(qu)除內表面的(de)(de)(de)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)鐵皮(pi)并防止二次氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)。抗氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)在高溫(wen)時呈(cheng)熔融狀(zhuang)態可(ke)起到很好的(de)(de)(de)潤滑作用，對抗氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)成分、顆粒尺寸、化(hua)(hua)(hua)學穩定性(xing)、物理穩定性(xing)及吹(chui)撒(sa)的(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)、噴吹(chui)的(de)(de)(de)壓力、時間都(dou)有嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)要求，主要是(shi)解決(jue)軋(ya)(ya)管機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)延伸大、軋(ya)(ya)制時芯(xin)棒(bang)與軋(ya)(ya)件(jian)間相對運動較大、芯(xin)棒(bang)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)更為惡劣，芯(xin)棒(bang)更容易磨(mo)損和劃傷、潤滑條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)不(bu)好時容易發生軋(ya)(ya)卡事故或軋(ya)(ya)制終了時脫管機(ji)不(bu)能將荒管從芯(xin)棒(bang)中順利的(de)(de)(de)抽出(chu)等(deng)問題。
