不銹鋼瓦楞形(xing)板是不銹鋼寬幅(fu)型鋼的(de)一種，由于其(qi)形(xing)狀如同頂上用瓦片鋪成(cheng)的(de)行列隆起部分，故稱(cheng)為高清下載香蕉視頻app蘋果:不銹鋼瓦楞形(xing)板，如圖(tu)5-37所示。
人們過去(qu)常見的(de)(de)“瓦(wa)楞（形）板”大都是(shi)(shi)用(yong)普(pu)通(tong)低碳鋼，也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)非合金鋼材(cai)料制成(cheng)的(de)(de)（見圖5-38),還有(you)用(yong)非金屬材(cai)料如石棉、塑料、紙板等(deng)制成(cheng)的(de)(de)瓦(wa)楞形板。這些瓦(wa)楞形板主要(yao)用(yong)于建筑領(ling)域的(de)(de)屋頂材(cai)料、外墻材(cai)料和(he)各種(zhong)包裝箱(xiang)體的(de)(de)外形材(cai)料和(he)產(chan)品(pin)包裝箱(xiang)、盒等(deng)，之所以做成(cheng)瓦(wa)楞形狀，主要(yao)目(mu)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)增加結構剛度和(he)穩(wen)定性。因此(ci)，其尺寸精度和(he)表面質量要(yao)求及材(cai)質要(yao)求都不是(shi)(shi)很高。
此處介紹的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)與(yu)普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)“瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)（形(xing)）板(ban)”有著(zhu)本質的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同，首先材料是不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)，無疑要比普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)“瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)（形(xing)）板(ban)”具有更(geng)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度、良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)耐腐(fu)蝕性(xing)能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)極好的(de)(de)(de)裝飾效(xiao)果，另外在結構上也(ye)大不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)同。這些(xie)都(dou)賦予了不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)不(bu)(bu)僅具有普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)“瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)”的(de)(de)(de)各種功能(neng)(neng)與(yu)作(zuo)用(yong)，而且具有普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)“瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)（形(xing)）板(ban)”沒有的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)，即不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)可以作(zuo)為傳熱(re)元(yuan)件使用(yong)。作(zuo)為傳熱(re)元(yuan)件，對其各方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)要求就(jiu)比普(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)“瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)（形(xing)）板(ban)”高(gao)得多，特別是對瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)表(biao)觀的(de)(de)(de)要求。對瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)表(biao)觀的(de)(de)(de)要求主要體(ti)現在對外形(xing)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)和(he)(he)表(biao)面質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)要求上。因此，采用(yong)何種方(fang)式(shi)、何種工藝加工生(sheng)產不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)(gang)瓦(wa)(wa)楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)就(jiu)成為保證(zheng)其外形(xing)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)和(he)(he)質量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵。其他性(xing)能(neng)(neng)（機械性(xing)能(neng)(neng)、耐腐(fu)蝕性(xing)能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)焊接性(xing)能(neng)(neng)）主要取決于所選用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)材料。
1. 不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼(gang)瓦楞(leng)形板外形尺寸
從圖(tu)5-37和(he)(he)圖(tu)5-39可以(yi)(yi)看出不(bu)銹鋼瓦楞(leng)(leng)形板的(de)(de)(de)外表(biao)形狀(zhuang)是(shi)有(you)(you)規律、周(zhou)期性變化的(de)(de)(de)，而且彎曲深度較小、形狀(zhuang)單一，不(bu)僅有(you)(you)橫向波紋，而且還(huan)有(you)(you)縱向波紋。所以(yi)(yi)說，其(qi)形狀(zhuang)既(ji)簡(jian)單又復雜，簡(jian)單是(shi)指形狀(zhuang)單一，有(you)(you)規律；復雜是(shi)指不(bu)僅有(you)(you)橫向波紋，而且還(huan)有(you)(you)縱向波紋。這就給不(bu)銹鋼瓦楞(leng)(leng)形板的(de)(de)(de)成型(xing)帶來不(bu)小的(de)(de)(de)難度，在成型(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)上必須采取相應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi)措施(shi)和(he)(he)手段，方能保證獲得要求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)外形尺寸和(he)(he)成型(xing)質(zhi)量。
圖(tu)5-39是不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼瓦(wa)楞形(xing)板的(de)實物照片，從(cong)圖(tu)片可以看出，不(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼瓦(wa)楞形(xing)板的(de)外(wai)表和形(xing)狀是非常美觀(guan)、漂(piao)亮(liang)的(de)，具有(you)較高(gao)的(de)觀(guan)賞性，如同工藝品(pin)、裝(zhuang)飾品(pin)。
圖(tu)5-39不銹鋼瓦(wa)楞形(xing)板A-A截面尺寸(cun)，見圖(tu)5-40,B-B截面尺寸(cun)，見圖(tu)5-41。
不(bu)銹鋼瓦楞形板成(cheng)品實物斷面圖(tu)片，見圖(tu)5-40(b)和圖(tu)5-41(b)。
從圖5-40和(he)圖5-41可以看出，不銹鋼瓦楞形板的斷(duan)面變化的規律是周(zhou)期性的，斷(duan)面形狀是關于縱(zong)向中心線為對稱的型鋼，彎曲深度(du)較淺，深度(du)僅有7mm。
不(bu)銹鋼瓦楞形板外形尺寸精度：截面最大邊長誤差≤0.3mm;圓角最大直徑：≤2.0mm;縱向、橫向彎曲度：每(mei)米≤1mm; 扭轉：每(mei)米≤1°。
2. 瓦楞(leng)形板橫向波紋的成(cheng)型
不銹鋼(gang)瓦(wa)楞形(xing)(xing)(xing)板輥(gun)式冷彎(wan)成(cheng)型時，首(shou)先將不銹鋼(gang)冷軋平(ping)板預彎(wan)曲鐓壓成(cheng)弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)波(bo)紋，如圖5-42所示的(de)(de)第一架成(cheng)型輥(gun)孔形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀。輥(gun)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀為(wei)，向(xiang)(xiang)下(xia)彎(wan)曲的(de)(de)弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)直徑為(wei)Φ=265mm,向(xiang)(xiang)上彎(wan)曲的(de)(de)弧(hu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)直徑為(wei)Φ=164mm,帶鋼(gang)進入并通過如此輥(gun)型是毫(hao)不困難(nan)的(de)(de)，一個波(bo)長(chang)（周(zhou)期）為(wei)83.40mm,弧(hu)深(shen)度(du)（垂直位(wei)移(yi)）為(wei)4.12mm,這個成(cheng)型形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀無論是在(zai)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)寬度(du)上，還是變形(xing)(xing)(xing)深(shen)度(du)上都是可行的(de)(de)和(he)符合要求的(de)(de)。一個波(bo)長(chang)（周(zhou)期）橫向(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)移(yi)（減(jian)(jian)寬量(liang)）為(wei)0.60mm,相(xiang)對減(jian)(jian)寬率(lv)（橫向(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)移(yi)）為(wei)0.71%,見圖5-42,如此的(de)(de)位(wei)移(yi)（減(jian)(jian)寬量(liang)）不會(hui)對鐓壓成(cheng)型造(zao)成(cheng)困難(nan)和(he)產生成(cheng)型缺陷，這些(xie)都為(wei)第二架成(cheng)型輥(gun)再鐓壓創造(zao)了條件(jian)。
第二(er)架(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)輥(gun)在第一(yi)(yi)(yi)架(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)輥(gun)的鐓(dui)壓(ya)(ya)基(ji)礎上，再(zai)次鐓(dui)壓(ya)(ya)，使(shi)其達(da)到如圖(tu)5-42所示的孔(kong)形形狀(zhuang)，弧(hu)度(du)(du)直徑分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)Φ=133mm和p=82mm,一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)波(bo)(bo)(bo)長（周期(qi)）為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)81.70mm、弧(hu)深度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)8.18mm,這就是說寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)度(du)(du)和深度(du)(du)更接(jie)近(jin)于成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品形狀(zhuang)，而相對(dui)減(jian)(jian)(jian)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)量（水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)位移）僅為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1.42mm,相對(dui)減(jian)(jian)(jian)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)率（水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)向(xiang)）為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1.7%,要比第一(yi)(yi)(yi)道次大(da)了許多，這是符合開始小一(yi)(yi)(yi)些、中(zhong)間大(da)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些的成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)規律(lv)要求(qiu)的，見第三架(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)輥(gun)在第二(er)架(jia)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)輥(gun)的鐓(dui)壓(ya)(ya)基(ji)礎上，再(zai)鐓(dui)壓(ya)(ya)，使(shi)其達(da)到如圖(tu)5-42所示的孔(kong)形形狀(zhuang)，這時(shi)將(jiang)已經成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)的弧(hu)形瓦(wa)楞形鐓(dui)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)梯形狀(zhuang)瓦(wa)楞形，而一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)波(bo)(bo)(bo)長（周期(qi)）為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)80mm,相對(dui)減(jian)(jian)(jian)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)量（水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)位移）僅為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2.28mm,一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)波(bo)(bo)(bo)長（周期(qi)）相對(dui)減(jian)(jian)(jian)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)率（水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)向(xiang)）為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2.79%.通過鐓(dui)壓(ya)(ya)使(shi)弧(hu)深由(you)8.18mm減(jian)(jian)(jian)小為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)7.00mm,這樣(yang)可使(shi)梯形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)更加精確到位，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)最(zui)后沖壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)達(da)到成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品形狀(zhuang)及尺(chi)寸(cun)奠定良好的基(ji)礎，此時(shi)，橫向(xiang)鐓(dui)壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)已全部完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，隨(sui)后將(jiang)采用(yong)沖壓(ya)(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)輥(gun)在已成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)橫向(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)上完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)最(zui)終成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)。
圖5-42是(shi)各架次成型輥輥形(xing)尺寸圖。
第(di)三架成(cheng)型輥(gun)輥(gun)形圖和孔形圖，見圖5-43.第(di)三架成(cheng)型輥(gun)應是由多(duo)片輥(gun)片疊加(jia)組合(he)而成(cheng)的組合(he)輥(gun)，輥(gun)片的水平(ping)段和圓弧段采取(qu)(qu)與(yu)(yu)板(ban)材接觸的方式，而傾斜(xie)段則采取(qu)(qu)與(yu)(yu)板(ban)材不(bu)接觸的方式，為的是減少(shao)成(cheng)型表面的擦劃(hua)傷，此(ci)外，如此(ci)結構也將(jiang)便于成(cheng)型輥(gun)的加(jia)工和隨(sui)后的使用與(yu)(yu)維護等。上(shang)、下(xia)輥(gun)斜(xie)角(jiao)(jiao)采取(qu)(qu)圓弧過渡，一般(ban)情況(kuang)下(xia)，圓弧的直徑(jing)應大于板(ban)厚，所以圖5-43所示的第(di)三架上(shang)、下(xia)輥(gun)斜(xie)角(jiao)(jiao)的圓弧過渡直徑(jing)為2.0mm,見圖5-43局部放大圖。
3. 縱向(xiang)波紋的成型
縱(zong)(zong)(zong)向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)的(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型是在(zai)橫向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型之后(hou)的(de)橫向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)上成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型的(de)。所以在(zai)已成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型的(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)上再成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型縱(zong)(zong)(zong)向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)是有(you)難度的(de)。其(qi)難度主(zhu)要表現為(wei)，可(ke)能(neng)破壞已成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型的(de)橫向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)，而且縱(zong)(zong)(zong)向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)也成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型不好。選(xuan)用(yong)何(he)種方式(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型就成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型的(de)關鍵(jian)。
沖(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)就是在(zai)(zai)一(yi)對(dui)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)上(shang)(shang)，按工(gong)藝(yi)和(he)(he)(he)產品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，在(zai)(zai)要面(mian)上(shang)(shang)間隙分布著凸起和(he)(he)(he)凹(ao)陷(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分，用于(yu)(yu)壓(ya)制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)瓦楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)縱向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)，同時又不能損壞已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)梯形(xing)波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)，縱向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)尺寸圖(tu)及實物(wu)圖(tu)片，見(jian)(jian)圖(tu)5-40和(he)(he)(he)圖(tu)5-41。之所(suo)以將沖(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)置(zhi)于(yu)(yu)橫(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)后、平(ping)(ping)整輥(gun)(gun)前(qian)，是為(wei)了保(bao)證瓦楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定和(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)量。可(ke)以想(xiang)象，在(zai)(zai)沒有(you)(you)橫(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)帶材上(shang)(shang)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)凸起和(he)(he)(he)凹(ao)陷(xian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)材，由于(yu)(yu)自(zi)(zi)由度(du)大(da)沒有(you)(you)約束力，沖(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)會造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)坯料局部(bu)收縮(suo)，產生皺折及其他缺陷(xian)，影(ying)響(xiang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)質(zhi)量和(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸。另外(wai)，瓦楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)型(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼截面(mian)受(shou)材料內部(bu)殘(can)余(yu)應力作用，很容易產生扭轉，這(zhe)也會影(ying)響(xiang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)。但(dan)在(zai)(zai)瓦楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)橫(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)后、平(ping)(ping)整輥(gun)(gun)前(qian)，再用沖(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)輥(gun)(gun)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)其縱向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)，此時，已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)使瓦楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剛度(du)增大(da)，同時又受(shou)到成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)輥(gun)(gun)和(he)(he)(he)平(ping)(ping)整輥(gun)(gun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)約束，其自(zi)(zi)由度(du)就減小。以上(shang)(shang)這(zhe)些都可(ke)以有(you)(you)效(xiao)地防止(zhi)局部(bu)收縮(suo)和(he)(he)(he)型(xing)(xing)(xing)鋼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扭轉，從而對(dui)保(bao)證瓦楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)(xing)(xing)及質(zhi)量起到有(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)障作用。瓦楞(leng)形(xing)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)橫(heng)(heng)向(xiang)(xiang)波(bo)(bo)(bo)紋(wen)(wen)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)壓(ya)輥(gun)(gun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)示意圖(tu)，見(jian)(jian)圖(tu)5-44。
沖(chong)壓(ya)成型輥也應做成組(zu)合(he)式輥子，即(ji)由多輥片疊加組(zu)合(he)而成。這種(zhong)形式的輥子便(bian)于加工和(he)維(wei)護，調整使用方便(bian)。
