在一些檢修部門，習慣用手工來研磨高清下載香蕉視頻app蘋果:閥門密封面。手工研磨只使用簡單的研磨工具而不需復雜的研磨設備，但這是一種費力的工作，生產效率很低，研磨質量主要依靠工人的技術水平來保證，因此研磨質量往往不夠穩定。

  手(shou)工(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)分為(wei)粗(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和拋光(guang)(guang)等。粗(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)為(wei)了消(xiao)除(chu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擦傷、壓痕(hen)、蝕點(dian)等缺陷，提高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)平整(zheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和降低(di)粗(cu)糙度(du)(du)(du)(du)，為(wei)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)打下(xia)基礎(chu)。精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)為(wei)了消(xiao)除(chu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)紋路，進一步提高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平整(zheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和降低(di)粗(cu)糙度(du)(du)(du)(du)。拋光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)降低(di)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)糙度(du)(du)(du)(du)，一般用(yong)(yong)于粗(cu)糙度(du)(du)(du)(du)Ra在0.2μm以下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。手(shou)工(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)管粗(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)還(huan)是(shi)精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，整(zheng)個過程始終貫穿提起、放下(xia)、旋轉、往復(fu)、輕敲、換(huan)(huan)向等操作(zuo)相結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過程。其(qi)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)避免(mian)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)粒(li)軌跡重復(fu)，使密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)得到(dao)均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削，提高密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平整(zheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，降低(di)粗(cu)糙度(du)(du)(du)(du)。在研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過程中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)始終貫穿著檢驗(yan)過程，其(qi)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)隨時(shi)(shi)掌握研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)情況，做到(dao)心中(zhong)有(you)數(shu)，使研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質(zhi)量(liang)達到(dao)技術要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。在研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過程中(zhong)，清潔工(gong)作(zuo)是(shi)很重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)節，應做到(dao)“三不(bu)(bu)(bu)落地(di)(di)”，即被研(yan)(yan)(yan)件不(bu)(bu)(bu)落地(di)(di)、工(gong)具(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)落地(di)(di)、物料不(bu)(bu)(bu)落地(di)(di)；“三不(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)天(tian)”，即顯示(shi)劑(ji)用(yong)(yong)后(hou)上(shang)蓋(gai)(gai)、研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)用(yong)(yong)后(hou)上(shang)蓋(gai)(gai)、稀釋劑(ji)（液）用(yong)(yong)后(hou)上(shang)蓋(gai)(gai)；“三干(gan)凈”，即研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)用(yong)(yong)前要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)抹洗干(gan)凈、密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)清洗干(gan)凈、更換(huan)(huan)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑(ji)時(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)和密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)抹洗干(gan)凈。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)中(zhong)應注(zhu)意檢查(cha)研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)與密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)外(wai)任何疤點(dian)臺肩相摩擦，使研(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)運(yun)動平穩，保證研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質(zhi)量(liang)。經過滲(shen)氨、滲(shen)硼(peng)等表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)小(xiao)心謹慎，因為(wei)滲(shen)透層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)隨著研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)量(liang)增(zeng)大(da)而明顯下(xia)降，研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)(shi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削量(liang)應盡量(liang)小(xiao)，最好進行(xing)(xing)拋光(guang)(guang)使用(yong)(yong)，至少要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)使用(yong)(yong)，如達不(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，就將殘存的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)透層磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)掉，重新滲(shen)透處理(li)，恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)原有(you)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能。用(yong)(yong)于深(shen)冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)閥門密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)經過深(shen)冷定型(xing)(xing)處理(li)后(hou)再研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，否則(ze)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一經深(shen)冷就會變(bian)形。深(shen)冷處理(li)可(ke)在液氨中(zhong)進行(xing)(xing)。刀型(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一般寬度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)0.5~0.8mm,接(jie)近線密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)，密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)會變(bian)寬，應注(zhu)意恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)刀型(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)原有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)車削或(huo)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)刀型(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)兩斜(xie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法恢(hui)(hui)復(fu)寬度(du)(du)(du)(du)尺寸(cun)。

  研具使用后應進(jin)行(xing)一次檢查，對平整度不高的平面要修理(li)好(hao)，并(bing)應清洗干(gan)凈(jing)，保持完整。要分門別類地把研磨工具擺放在工具箱(xiang)內，以便以后使用。

  研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)分平面(mian)(mian)密(mi)封面(mian)(mian)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)、錐(zhui)形密(mi)封面(mian)(mian)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)、圓弧密(mi)封面(mian)(mian)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)、圓柱體密(mi)封面(mian)(mian)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)等幾種(zhong)。

①. 閥體(ti)平(ping)面密封面的(de)研磨 

  閥體(ti)密(mi)封(feng)平面(mian)位于閥體(ti)內腔，研(yan)磨比較困難。通常使(shi)用帶方孔的圓盤(pan)狀研(yan)磨工(gong)(gong)具，放在內腔的密(mi)封(feng)面(mian)上，再用帶方頭(tou)的長柄手把來帶動研(yan)盤(pan)運動。研(yan)盤(pan)上有圓柱凸臺(tai)或引(yin)導(dao)墊片，以防(fang)止在研(yan)磨過程(cheng)中研(yan)具局部離開環狀密(mi)封(feng)面(mian)而造成研(yan)磨不勻的現象。圖4-71為閘閥密(mi)封(feng)面(mian)的手工(gong)(gong)研(yan)磨。

  研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)前(qian)應(ying)(ying)將(jiang)(jiang)研(yan)(yan)具工作面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)用(yong)(yong)丙酮(tong)或汽油擦(ca)凈，并去(qu)除閥(fa)(fa)體密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)飛邊、毛刺，再(zai)在(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)涂敷一層研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)劑。研(yan)(yan)具放入閥(fa)(fa)體內腔時(shi)(shi)，要(yao)(yao)仔細地(di)貼合(he)(he)在(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)，然后(hou)采用(yong)(yong)長柄手把使研(yan)(yan)盤(pan)(pan)做正、反(fan)方向的(de)回轉運動(dong)。先(xian)順(shun)時(shi)(shi)針回轉180°,再(zai)逆時(shi)(shi)針回轉90°,如此(ci)(ci)反(fan)復地(di)進行。一般回轉10余(yu)次后(hou)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)劑中的(de)磨(mo)(mo)粒便已(yi)磨(mo)(mo)鈍(dun)，故應(ying)(ying)該經常抬起(qi)研(yan)(yan)盤(pan)(pan)來添新的(de)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)劑。研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)的(de)壓(ya)力要(yao)(yao)均勻(yun)，且不(bu)宜過大。粗(cu)研(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)壓(ya)力可(ke)大些(xie)，精研(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)較小。應(ying)(ying)注意不(bu)要(yao)(yao)因施加壓(ya)力使研(yan)(yan)具局部脫(tuo)開密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)一段(duan)時(shi)(shi)間后(hou)，要(yao)(yao)檢(jian)(jian)查工件(jian)的(de)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)度。此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)取(qu)出(chu)研(yan)(yan)具，用(yong)(yong)丙酮(tong)或汽油將(jiang)(jiang)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)擦(ca)凈，再(zai)將(jiang)(jiang)圓盤(pan)(pan)形的(de)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)平板(ban)輕輕放在(zai)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)并用(yong)(yong)手輕輕旋動(dong)，取(qu)出(chu)平板(ban)后(hou)就(jiu)可(ke)觀(guan)察到密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)出(chu)現的(de)接觸(chu)痕跡。當環狀(zhuang)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上(shang)均勻(yun)地(di)顯示(shi)接觸(chu)痕跡，而徑向最小接觸(chu)寬(kuan)度與密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)寬(kuan)度之(zhi)比（即密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)與檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)平板(ban)的(de)吻(wen)合(he)(he)度）達到工藝上(shang)規定(ding)的(de)數(shu)值時(shi)(shi)，平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)度就(jiu)可(ke)認為合(he)(he)格。為了(le)保(bao)證檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)的(de)準(zhun)確性，檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)平板(ban)應(ying)(ying)經常檢(jian)(jian)查、修整(zheng)。

②. 閘板、閥瓣平(ping)面密(mi)封面的研磨 

  閘板(ban)、閥瓣和閥座(zuo)的(de)密(mi)封(feng)平(ping)面(mian)可(ke)使用(yong)研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)平(ping)板(ban)來手(shou)工研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)。研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)平(ping)板(ban)平(ping)面(mian)應平(ping)整。研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)用(yong)平(ping)板(ban)分(fen)刻槽(cao)平(ping)板(ban)和光滑平(ping)板(ban)兩種(zhong)，如圖4-72所示(shi)。研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)工作(zuo)前，先(xian)用(yong)丙(bing)酮或汽油將研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)平(ping)板(ban)的(de)表面(mian)擦干凈，然后(hou)在平(ping)板(ban)上均勻、適量地(di)涂一(yi)層研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)劑，把需(xu)研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)工件表面(mian)貼合在平(ping)板(ban)上即開始(shi)研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)。用(yong)手(shou)一(yi)邊(bian)旋轉一(yi)邊(bian)做直線運(yun)(yun)動，或做“8”字形運(yun)(yun)動。由于研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)運(yun)(yun)動方(fang)向(xiang)的(de)不斷變更，使磨(mo)(mo)(mo)粒不斷地(di)在新的(de)方(fang)向(xiang)起磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削作(zuo)用(yong)，故可(ke)提高(gao)研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)效率。圖4-73所示(shi)為(wei)閥體平(ping)面(mian)密(mi)封(feng)面(mian)的(de)手(shou)工研(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)。

  為了(le)避(bi)免研(yan)磨平(ping)板的磨耗不均，不要總是在平(ping)板的中部(bu)研(yan)磨，應沿平(ping)板的全部(bu)表面(mian)(mian)上不斷(duan)變換部(bu)位，否則研(yan)磨平(ping)板將(jiang)很快失(shi)去平(ping)面(mian)(mian)精度。

  閘(zha)板(ban)(ban)及有些閥座(zuo)呈楔(xie)(xie)狀，密(mi)封平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)圓周上的(de)(de)質量不(bu)均，厚薄(bo)不(bu)一致，容(rong)易產生偏(pian)磨(mo)現象(xiang)，厚的(de)(de)一頭容(rong)易多磨(mo)，薄(bo)的(de)(de)一頭會少磨(mo)。所以(yi)，在研磨(mo)楔(xie)(xie)式閘(zha)板(ban)(ban)密(mi)封面(mian)(mian)(mian)時，應附加(jia)一個平(ping)衡力，使楔(xie)(xie)式閘(zha)板(ban)(ban)密(mi)封面(mian)(mian)(mian)均勻磨(mo)削。圖(tu)4-74所示為楔(xie)(xie)式閘(zha)板(ban)(ban)密(mi)封面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)整體(ti)研磨(mo)方(fang)法(fa)。