工(gong)業管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)，是由(you)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)組(zu)成(cheng)件(jian)(jian)、管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)支(zhi)吊架等組(zu)成(cheng)，用(yong)(yong)以輸(shu)送(song)、分配、混(hun)合、分離、排放、計量(liang)或(huo)控制流體流動。管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)組(zu)成(cheng)件(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)于連接(jie)或(huo)裝配成(cheng)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)的元件(jian)(jian)，包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)管(guan)子(zi)（PiPipe)e）、管(guan)件(jian)(jian)、法蘭、墊(dian)片、緊固件(jian)(jian)、閥(fa)門以及管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)特(te)殊件(jian)(jian)等。管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)特(te)殊件(jian)(jian)指非(fei)普通標準組(zu)成(cheng)件(jian)(jian)，系按工(gong)程設計條件(jian)(jian)特(te)殊制造(zao)的管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)組(zu)成(cheng)件(jian)(jian)，包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)膨脹(zhang)節、補償(chang)器(qi)(qi)、特(te)殊閥(fa)門、爆(bao)炸(zha)片、阻火器(qi)(qi)、過濾器(qi)(qi)、撓性接(jie)頭及軟(ruan)管(guan)等。管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)支(zhi)吊架，用(yong)(yong)于支(zhi)承管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)或(huo)約束管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)位移的各種結構的總稱(cheng)，但不包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)土建結構。管(guan)子(zi)只(zhi)是管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)的一(yi)部(bu)分，當管(guan)子(zi)與管(guan)件(jian)(jian)、閥(fa)門和其他機械(xie)設備(bei)連接(jie)，并由(you)支(zhi)吊架支(zhi)承時，才被稱(cheng)為(wei)管(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。

  工(gong)(gong)業(ye)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)器材是整(zheng)個(ge)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)設(she)計(ji)過(guo)程的(de)基(ji)礎(chu)部分，它直接(jie)影響到管(guan)(guan)道(dao)系統(tong)乃至整(zheng)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)裝置的(de)安全性、可(ke)靠性和(he)經濟性。工(gong)(gong)業(ye)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)器材在石(shi)油、化(hua)工(gong)(gong)、石(shi)油化(hua)工(gong)(gong)、電力(li)、輕紡、船舶、制藥等工(gong)(gong)業(ye)部門的(de)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)裝置中(zhong)(zhong)所占(zhan)比例很大。在石(shi)油化(hua)工(gong)(gong)生產(chan)裝置中(zhong)(zhong)，管(guan)(guan)道(dao)材料中(zhong)(zhong)各主(zhu)要項目費用(yong)所占(zhan)比例如圖16.1所示(shi)。

工(gong)業管道常用材料分類見表16.2。