有的管道(dao)設計(ji)(ji)人員因不(bu)清楚靜(jing)電(dian)接(jie)地(di)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)圍而引起(qi)設計(ji)(ji)事(shi)故,因此著重講述。我(wo)國(guo)(guo)管道(dao)靜(jing)電(dian)接(jie)地(di)和(he)跨接(jie)相關標準規(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)有GB12158《防止(zhi)靜(jing)電(dian)事(shi)故通用導則》、HG/T 20675《化工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)靜(jing)電(dian)接(jie)地(di)設計(ji)(ji)規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)》、SH/T 3097《石油(you)化工(gong)(gong)靜(jing)電(dian)接(jie)地(di)設計(ji)(ji)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)》等(deng),GB 50235《工(gong)(gong)業(ye)金屬管道(dao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)》等(deng)規(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)也(ye)有專門的章(zhang)節對(dui)管道(dao)靜(jing)電(dian)接(jie)地(di)實施作出規(gui)定。ASME、PIP等(deng)國(guo)(guo)外標準規(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)也(ye)有具體規(gui)定,國(guo)(guo)內外一些大型公司和(he)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設單位,對(dui)管道(dao)靜(jing)電(dian)接(jie)地(di)設計(ji)(ji)有企(qi)(qi)業(ye)級(ji)的規(gui)定。
①. 位于爆(bao)炸(zha)和火(huo)災危(wei)險(xian)區(qu)內(nei)的(de)管道應進行靜電(dian)(dian)接(jie)地。在爆(bao)炸(zha)和火(huo)災危(wei)險(xian)區(qu)內(nei),可(ke)能(neng)存在可(ke)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)體和可(ke)燃(ran)(ran)粉塵積(ji)聚,如果(guo)產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)火(huo)花,可(ke)能(neng)引起火(huo)災或(huo)爆(bao)炸(zha)事故。為了防(fang)止在電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)施(shi)使用過程(cheng)中產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)火(huo)花,引燃(ran)(ran)或(huo)引爆(bao)可(ke)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)體或(huo)可(ke)燃(ran)(ran)粉塵,爆(bao)炸(zha)和火(huo)災危(wei)險(xian)區(qu)內(nei)的(de)強、弱電(dian)(dian)設(she)施(shi)均需要選用防(fang)爆(bao)型(xing)。
②. 氧(yang)氣管道應進行靜(jing)電接(jie)地。氧(yang)氣是(shi)一種特殊的(de)介質,其本身不燃(ran)燒,卻是(shi)強(qiang)氧(yang)化劑,在純氧(yang)的(de)環(huan)境中,鋼管會被點燃(ran)。因此雖然(ran)氧(yang)氣不屬于可燃(ran)介質,但純氧(yang)管道必須良好接(jie)地。
③. 氣固管(guan)道應進行靜(jing)電接地(di)。氣固管(guan)道在運(yun)行過(guo)程中會產生大量靜(jing)電,必須保證管(guan)道良好接地(di),防止(zhi)大量靜(jing)電集聚。
④. 平(ping)(ping)行敷(fu)設的管道,凈距(ju)小于100mm時,應每(mei)隔(ge)20m,設置靜(jing)電(dian)跨接(jie)。近距(ju)離平(ping)(ping)行敷(fu)設的管廊,為保證兩(liang)根管道等電(dian)位,需要每(mei)隔(ge)20m設置跨接(jie)。
⑤. 管道(dao)(dao)進(jin)出裝(zhuang)置界(jie)區處(chu)應進(jin)行靜(jing)電接地,防止界(jie)外管道(dao)(dao)和裝(zhuang)置內(nei)管道(dao)(dao)間電荷的相互轉(zhuan)移。