2000年前后，隨著工程機械企業對材料要求的提高，鋼管(guan)生(sheng)產廠家除了新建一批先進的軋管機組外，還逐步加大了熱處理線的投入，以實現材料多狀態的交付，改變了以前只有正火、退火、回火的狀態，這對高強度鋼管的研發也起到了很大的作用。目前具備鋼管調質能力的企業有：天津鋼管、寶鋼、衡陽鋼管、湖北新冶鋼、新興鑄管、鞍鋼等。其中天津鋼管擁有十條熱處理線，寶鋼、衡陽鋼管也都有多條熱處理線，規格范圍覆蓋外徑Φ48～720mm；湖北新冶鋼先后建設了四條熱處理線，規格可覆蓋外徑Φ51～533mm，是熱處理比較好的企業之一。這些生產線的建設，為我國開發更高強度級別的如Q500、Q550、Q620、Q690、Q770、Q890等低合金高強度鋼創造了條件。2018年新修訂的《結構用無縫鋼管》（GB／T 8162-2018）將上述大部分牌號納入標準，從而與國外先進標準EN10210-1、EN10297-1更加接近。至此，高強度工程機械用鋼的牌號、化學成分、力學性能要求等，基本上與國際先進標準接軌。

一、起重機臂架用無(wu)縫鋼(gang)管

  履(lv)(lv)帶式(shi)(shi)(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)廣(guang)泛應用于橋梁、發電設(she)(she)備、煉油設(she)(she)備、風(feng)力(li)發電機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)以(yi)(yi)及海上工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)平(ping)臺等項目的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，是工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程機(ji)(ji)(ji)械中(zhong)技術含量高、制(zhi)造工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝復雜、具有獨特(te)性能的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)業(ye)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械設(she)(she)備。自2005年(nian)徐工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)集團率先(xian)研制(zhi)成功我(wo)國(guo)(guo)第一(yi)臺300t級(ji)(ji)(ji)履(lv)(lv)帶式(shi)(shi)(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)開(kai)始，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)履(lv)(lv)帶式(shi)(shi)(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)發展迅速向大噸位(wei)攀升。在(zai)2009年(nian)和2010年(nian)，徐工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)集團、中(zhong)聯重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科、三一(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和撫順挖掘機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)造有限公司連續推(tui)出(chu)千噸級(ji)(ji)(ji)履(lv)(lv)帶式(shi)(shi)(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。2011年(nian)5月，中(zhong)聯重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科和三一(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)又相繼推(tui)出(chu)3000t級(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)上大型履(lv)(lv)帶式(shi)(shi)(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。2013年(nian)7月，徐工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)4000t級(ji)(ji)(ji)履(lv)(lv)帶式(shi)(shi)(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)成功啟用，并(bing)將萬華(hua)煙臺工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)園高度為(wei)118m、直徑為(wei)14.4m、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量為(wei)1680t的(de)(de)(de)丙烯塔吊裝(zhuang)就位(wei)，開(kai)啟了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)吊裝(zhuang)行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)新征(zheng)程。

作(zuo)為(wei)履帶(dai)(dai)式(shi)起重(zhong)機(ji)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)的(de)(de)組(zu)合臂(bei)架(jia)，是承(cheng)載(zai)和(he)輸(shu)送(song)的(de)(de)關鍵部(bu)(bu)位，臂(bei)架(jia)一般是由長度(du)11m左右(you)的(de)(de)無縫鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)作(zuo)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)弦(xian)臂(bei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)與腹臂(bei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)焊(han)接(jie)組(zu)合而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。對于(yu)400t以上大型履帶(dai)(dai)式(shi)起重(zhong)機(ji)的(de)(de)臂(bei)架(jia)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)弦(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)所使用的(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外徑更(geng)大、壁厚(hou)更(geng)厚(hou)、強度(du)更(geng)高，要(yao)(yao)求鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)不僅(jin)具有更(geng)高的(de)(de)強度(du)和(he)韌(ren)性，同時由于(yu)履帶(dai)(dai)式(shi)起重(zhong)機(ji)臂(bei)架(jia)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)由鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)焊(han)接(jie)而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)，因(yin)此還要(yao)(yao)求鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)具有良好的(de)(de)焊(han)接(jie)性能。國內主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)使用的(de)(de)770MPa和(he)890MPa級高強鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，衡(heng)陽鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、天津鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、新(xin)冶(ye)鋼(gang)(gang)、寶(bao)鋼(gang)(gang)、鞍鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)產品已完全(quan)替代進口。天津鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)已成(cheng)(cheng)功供貨屈服強度(du)960MPa級別臂(bei)架(jia)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。

二、旋挖機鉆桿(gan)用無縫(feng)鋼(gang)管

  旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機是(shi)一種適合建筑基礎工(gong)(gong)程中成(cheng)孔作業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)機械。旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)是(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)機與施(shi)工(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)頭之間，傳(chuan)遞(di)扭矩、軸向壓力(li)等載(zai)荷，沿共(gong)同(tong)軸心、逐節(jie)伸(shen)縮(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)狀結(jie)構。旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)由三(san)到(dao)六根(gen)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)經機加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)、焊接(jie)后套(tao)裝而(er)成(cheng)。其(qi)(qi)中，每(mei)根(gen)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)構成(cheng)一節(jie)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)套(tao)筒(tong)，每(mei)節(jie)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)度(du)通常約(yue)10m左右，直徑Φ159～630mm，壁厚8～45mm；每(mei)節(jie)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)套(tao)筒(tong)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)圓(yuan)按120度(du)均布焊接(jie)厚度(du)x寬(kuan)度(du)約(yue)為20mmx50mm的(de)(de)(de)通長(chang)(chang)外(wai)鍵，每(mei)節(jie)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)套(tao)筒(tong)下(xia)端(duan)內(nei)(nei)弧面上焊接(jie)了同(tong)樣(yang)厚度(du)和寬(kuan)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)鍵（長(chang)(chang)約(yue)500～900mm）。為保(bao)(bao)證旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)機正常工(gong)(gong)作，要求(qiu)(qiu)盡量縮(suo)(suo)小(xiao)相鄰鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)套(tao)筒(tong)間的(de)(de)(de)空隙，同(tong)時(shi)還要保(bao)(bao)證各節(jie)套(tao)筒(tong)能夠自由伸(shen)縮(suo)(suo)，這對套(tao)筒(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)尺寸偏差及形(xing)(xing)狀精度(du)提出了特殊要求(qiu)(qiu)。旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)制(zhi)造，由于(yu)對鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)質量要求(qiu)(qiu)嚴、技術(shu)含(han)量高，過去主要依靠從國(guo)外(wai)進口，目(mu)前(qian)(qian)國(guo)內(nei)(nei)生(sheng)產旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)機鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)有幾十家，國(guo)產品(pin)牌鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)已(yi)(yi)完全取代進口鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。國(guo)內(nei)(nei)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制(zhi)造企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)產企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)積累了豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)經驗，現已(yi)(yi)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)完善的(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制(zhi)造技術(shu)標準(zhun)和鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)批量供(gong)貨能力(li)，攀(pan)成(cheng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)牽頭起草的(de)(de)(de)《旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)機鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》（GB／T 34109--2017）國(guo)家標準(zhun)已(yi)(yi)實施(shi)，衡陽(yang)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和天津鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)為北京三(san)一智造科技有限公(gong)司開發的(de)(de)(de)SY550和SY850旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，突破了目(mu)前(qian)(qian)旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)采購技術(shu)要求(qiu)(qiu)，將新材(cai)料應用(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)其(qi)(qi)第五代旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)上，將旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)由2000h提升到(dao)3000h以上，助推(tui)中國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)鉆(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)產品(pin)走在(zai)世(shi)界前(qian)(qian)列(lie)。