海洋(yang)(yang)(yang)石(shi)油(you)、天然氣開發的(de)(de)鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)可(ke)分為固(gu)定(ding)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)和(he)(he)移動式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)兩(liang)類。固(gu)定(ding)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)又分為導管架式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)和(he)(he)混凝土(tu)重力式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)，固(gu)定(ding)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于淺海區域。移動式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)有(you)(you)自(zi)升(sheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)、半潛式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)、張力腿式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)和(he)(he)鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)船等。自(zi)升(sheng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)也適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于淺海區域，半潛式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)、張力腿式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于深海，可(ke)在(zai)(zai)3000m深海進(jin)行鉆(zhan)探。海洋(yang)(yang)(yang)鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)材(cai)有(you)(you)鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)石(shi)油(you)鉆(zhan)桿(gan)、防止油(you)井(jing)(jing)坍(tan)塌的(de)(de)套管和(he)(he)鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)液鋼(gang)(gang)管等，平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)本體使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)是高強度(du)鋼(gang)(gang)板。圖(tu)8-23是典型的(de)(de)海洋(yang)(yang)(yang)鉆(zhan)井(jing)(jing)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)在(zai)(zai)海洋(yang)(yang)(yang)不(bu)同水深中(zhong)的(de)(de)示意圖(tu)，表8-11是各類海洋(yang)(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)臺(tai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)量(liang)。

  我國在“十(shi)二五”期(qi)間(jian)(jian)，已具備(bei)1500m水深的(de)開發(fa)能力(li)；“十(shi)三五”期(qi)間(jian)(jian)，已具備(bei)3000m水深的(de)開發(fa)能力(li)。未來深水油氣勘(kan)探開發(fa)將(jiang)成為(wei)重點發(fa)展方(fang)向。而海(hai)底管(guan)(guan)(guan)線是海(hai)上油氣開發(fa)系統的(de)主(zhu)要組成部分(fen)，主(zhu)要包括油氣集輸(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道和油氣外輸(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道，一般采用(yong)(yong)無縫管(guan)(guan)(guan)、高(gao)頻直縫焊管(guan)(guan)(guan)、直縫埋弧焊管(guan)(guan)(guan)等(deng)。表8-12是海(hai)洋油氣開發(fa)使用(yong)(yong)鋼（管(guan)(guan)(guan)）材情(qing)況。

   目前，國(guo)內(nei)海(hai)洋(yang)鉆井平(ping)臺結(jie)(jie)構用管(guan)(guan)已經(jing)形成(cheng)了(le)系列，能夠為海(hai)洋(yang)工程提供高(gao)品質的結(jie)(jie)構用管(guan)(guan)如鋼(gang)級為X80Q、X100Q樁(zhuang)柱用半弦管(guan)(guan)和支撐管(guan)(guan)。表8-13是海(hai)洋(yang)平(ping)臺結(jie)(jie)構用鋼(gang)的主要鋼(gang)級。