1. 制定(ding)標準的意(yi)義
GB/T 24512.1-2009為首(shou)次制定，主編單位為攀成鋼。
核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是一(yi)種清潔、高效能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，大力發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是我國(guo)未來能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的一(yi)個(ge)重點方(fang)向。核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組常規(gui)島(dao)和(he)核(he)(he)(he)島(dao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的關鍵材(cai)料之(zhi)一(yi)，核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)“自主(zhu)(zhu)化”不僅(jin)要(yao)實(shi)現核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)材(cai)料的國(guo)產(chan)(chan)化，而且要(yao)實(shi)現包括核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標準(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)系(xi)在(zai)內的核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)的自主(zhu)(zhu)化。1984年(nian)我國(guo)自主(zhu)(zhu)設(she)計(ji)建(jian)造(zao)(zao)了第一(yi)座核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)（秦山），1991年(nian)引進(jin)(jin)國(guo)外技(ji)術(shu)建(jian)造(zao)(zao)大亞灣(wan)核(he)(he)(he)核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，自此我國(guo)核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進(jin)(jin)入了快速(su)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)時期(qi)。核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的國(guo)產(chan)(chan)化從20世(shi)紀80年(nian)代開(kai)始，已形成(cheng)批(pi)量供(gong)應P280GH、20控(kong)Cr、P22、TU42C、W36CN1等核(he)(he)(he)島(dao)及常規(gui)島(dao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)碳鋼、碳錳鋼和(he)合金鋼無縫鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的能(neng)(neng)力。產(chan)(chan)品已逐步實(shi)現國(guo)產(chan)(chan)化，但核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的國(guo)家(jia)標準(zhun)(zhun)卻(que)長期(qi)空缺。研制核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)國(guo)家(jia)標準(zhun)(zhun)，建(jian)立我國(guo)自主(zhu)(zhu)的核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)標準(zhun)(zhun)體(ti)系(xi)，推(tui)動核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)國(guo)產(chan)(chan)化，為(wei)核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)“自主(zhu)(zhu)化”提供(gong)技(ji)術(shu)支撐，具有重要(yao)意義(yi)。發(fa)(fa)布實(shi)施的系(xi)列國(guo)家(jia)標準(zhun)(zhun)已成(cheng)為(wei)核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)貿易的技(ji)術(shu)依(yi)據(ju)，是規(gui)范和(he)指(zhi)導鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制造(zao)(zao)、核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)計(ji)選材(cai)和(he)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的技(ji)術(shu)法(fa)規(gui)；解(jie)決了多年(nian)來困擾(rao)核(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)設(she)計(ji)選材(cai)和(he)產(chan)(chan)品供(gong)需訂(ding)貨的技(ji)術(shu)障礙。
2. 主要技(ji)術內容
本(ben)標(biao)準包括HD245、HD245Cr、HD265、HD265Cr、HD280、HD280Cr等(deng)6個牌(pai)號，規定(ding)了(le)鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)熔煉化(hua)學(xue)成(cheng)(cheng)分及成(cheng)(cheng)品化(hua)學(xue)成(cheng)(cheng)分。規定(ding)了(le)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)的(de)詳細熱處理溫(wen)度(du)，鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)的(de)室溫(wen)和高(gao)溫(wen)拉(la)伸性能，對鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)的(de)沖擊吸收(shou)能量、液壓(ya)、壓(ya)扁、彎曲、擴口(kou)、低倍(bei)、非金(jin)屬(shu)夾雜物(wu)、晶粒度(du)、顯微組織、脫(tuo)碳層(ceng)、表面(mian)質(zhi)量、無損檢測、質(zhi)量報告等(deng)要(yao)求(qiu)做出(chu)明確規定(ding)。
3. 國內外標準(zhun)對比及標準(zhun)水平
國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)相(xiang)關標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)有(you)EN 10216-2：2002《壓力用(yong)途的(de)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)交貨技術條件(jian) 第(di)2部分：規(gui)(gui)定(ding)高(gao)(gao)溫性(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)非(fei)合(he)金鋼(gang)(gang)和(he)(he)(he)合(he)金鋼(gang)(gang)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)》《ASME 鍋爐及壓力容器規(gui)(gui)范(fan) 第(di)II卷 A篇鐵基材(cai)料》中(zhong)SA-106《高(gao)(gao)溫用(yong)碳(tan)素(su)鋼(gang)(gang)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》、SA-210M及《鍋爐和(he)(he)(he)過熱器用(yong)中(zhong)碳(tan)鋼(gang)(gang)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》。尺(chi)寸(cun)精度方(fang)面：國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)允(yun)許(xu)偏差嚴于歐(ou)(ou)洲標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)；與(yu)(yu)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)相(xiang)比(bi)，外(wai)徑偏差與(yu)(yu)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)分檔不(bu)同(tong)，熱管(guan)(guan)的(de)外(wai)徑允(yun)許(xu)偏差總體上比(bi)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)寬，冷管(guan)(guan)的(de)外(wai)徑允(yun)許(xu)偏差總體上與(yu)(yu)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)相(xiang)當，熱管(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)(he)冷管(guan)(guan)的(de)壁厚偏差嚴于美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。化(hua)學(xue)成分方(fang)面：國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)C、Si、Mn、P、S及殘余元素(su)的(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)與(yu)(yu)歐(ou)(ou)洲標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)基本一致。力學(xue)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)方(fang)面：國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)拉伸性(xing)能(neng)(neng)、沖擊(ji)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)與(yu)(yu)歐(ou)(ou)洲標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)基本一致。工藝性(xing)能(neng)(neng)方(fang)面：國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)壓扁試(shi)驗(yan)、彎曲試(shi)驗(yan)、擴口試(shi)驗(yan)的(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)與(yu)(yu)歐(ou)(ou)洲標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)基本一致。無(wu)損檢測方(fang)面：國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)無(wu)損檢驗(yan)的(de)要(yao)求參照法國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)《RCC-M壓水(shui)堆(dui)核島機械設(she)備設(she)計和(he)(he)(he)建造規(gui)(gui)則》，檢驗(yan)要(yao)求嚴于歐(ou)(ou)洲標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。通(tong)過以(yi)上主要(yao)指標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)比(bi)，國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)水(shui)平(ping)達到國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)先(xian)進標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)水(shui)平(ping)。
