隨著石油、天然氣、鍋爐、建筑等行業的不斷發展，在使用條件、節能降耗、產品性能等方面對不銹鋼管提出了越來越高的要求。在常規熱軋不銹鋼管生產過程中，管坯成型歷經高溫穿孔、軋制以及定徑等工藝。產品受到圓形中空斷面形狀及生產工藝制約，缺乏更為有效的組織和性能調控手段，導致其性能提升僅能依靠添加合金元素及后續離線熱處理工序，給高品質不銹鋼管材開發以及生產成本、制造效率和能源消耗控制等帶來諸多不利影響。

  控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)冷卻工(gong)藝（控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷，TMCP）可綜合(he)利(li)用細晶強化(hua)、析出強化(hua)和相變(bian)強化(hua)等(deng)強化(hua)機制(zhi)(zhi)，是有效在(zai)線(xian)調控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)熱(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)鋼(gang)材(cai)(cai)組織(zhi)(zhi)、顯著(zhu)提升(sheng)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)重要手段。經(jing)三(san)十(shi)余年快速發(fa)(fa)展，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷技術已廣泛應(ying)用于熱(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)板(ban)帶鋼(gang)、型(xing)(xing)鋼(gang)、棒線(xian)材(cai)(cai)等(deng)領域。然(ran)而，熱(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)無縫鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)有別于熱(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)板(ban)帶鋼(gang)等(deng)鋼(gang)材(cai)(cai)門(men)類(lei)，不(bu)銹鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)變(bian)形(xing)和成型(xing)(xing)后的(de)(de)冷卻工(gong)藝與(yu)常規控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷工(gong)藝示意圖如圖6-63所示。熱(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)無縫鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)高溫穿軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)生產工(gong)藝條件(jian)使得控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)(zhi)技術的(de)(de)應(ying)用受到極大限(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)，環形(xing)斷面的(de)(de)形(xing)狀特點使得控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)冷卻技術的(de)(de)開發(fa)(fa)難(nan)度很大，嚴重制(zhi)(zhi)約了基于控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)冷的(de)(de)在(zai)線(xian)組織(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)調控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)技術在(zai)該領域的(de)(de)應(ying)用和發(fa)(fa)展，熱(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)無縫鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)產品的(de)(de)強度、韌性(xing)(xing)和焊(han)接性(xing)(xing)等(deng)綜合(he)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)全面提升(sheng)面臨瓶頸(jing)。因此，實(shi)現熱(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)成型(xing)(xing)和成型(xing)(xing)過程的(de)(de)在(zai)線(xian)組織(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)調控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，是熱(re)(re)軋(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)無縫鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)領域長期以來的(de)(de)重點攻關方向(xiang)之一。

  針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)熱(re)軋(ya)不銹(xiu)鋼管(guan)的(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)線組(zu)織性(xing)(xing)能(neng)調控(kong)(kong)工(gong)業化技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，其(qi)相關機(ji)理及(ji)(ji)核心機(ji)制(zhi)長(chang)期以(yi)(yi)來未取得有效突破。首先，在(zai)(zai)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)軋(ya)制(zhi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，由(you)于不銹(xiu)鋼管(guan)在(zai)(zai)熱(re)加(jia)工(gong)過程(cheng)中(zhong)需要經歷(li)復(fu)雜的(de)(de)成型工(gong)序(xu)，為降低變形(xing)抗力以(yi)(yi)保證軋(ya)制(zhi)工(gong)序(xu)的(de)(de)穩順進行，管(guan)坯(pi)的(de)(de)加(jia)熱(re)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)往(wang)往(wang)較高，同時要在(zai)(zai)盡(jin)可能(neng)高的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)下連續完(wan)成穿孔及(ji)(ji)軋(ya)制(zhi)過程(cheng)，為此難(nan)以(yi)(yi)實現通過低溫(wen)(wen)軋(ya)制(zhi)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)軋(ya)制(zhi)工(gong)藝對(dui)(dui)奧氏(shi)體組(zu)織狀態進行調控(kong)(kong)。其(qi)次，在(zai)(zai)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)，盡(jin)管(guan)鋼管(guan)形(xing)狀簡(jian)單，但(dan)特殊的(de)(de)環形(xing)斷面(mian)(mian)特征使得其(qi)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)勻化冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)機(ji)制(zhi)顯著區別于板帶鋼及(ji)(ji)其(qi)他類(lei)型鋼材。例如，沿不銹(xiu)鋼管(guan)圓周方(fang)向均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)勻對(dui)(dui)稱的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)水布置(zhi)并(bing)不能(neng)使鋼管(guan)達到均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)勻化的(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)效果，這其(qi)中(zhong)必然存在(zai)(zai)異于傳統理念的(de)(de)環形(xing)斷面(mian)(mian)下的(de)(de)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)勻化冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)機(ji)制(zhi)。由(you)于鋼管(guan)的(de)(de)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)勻冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)機(ji)理及(ji)(ji)其(qi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)法的(de)(de)研究進展(zhan)有限(xian)，導致(zhi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)過程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)組(zu)織性(xing)(xing)能(neng)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)勻性(xing)(xing)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)不均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)造成的(de)(de)彎管(guan)事故無法有效解決(jue)，在(zai)(zai)較長(chang)時間(jian)制(zhi)約了控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)在(zai)(zai)熱(re)軋(ya)不銹(xiu)鋼管(guan)領域的(de)(de)發展(zhan)和應用(yong)。